Pharyngula

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Thursday, September 30, 2004

Blackboards vs. Whiteboards

Yesterday's Star Tribune has a front page article on the University's steady abandonment of blackboards.

When Prof. Lawrence Gray enters a math classroom at the University of Minnesota, his teaching tools are his brain and a stick of chalk.
He stands at a blackboard and chalk flies over the smooth black surface, spreading strings of equations like weeds. He turns and gestures to his class, taps the board with the chalk for emphasis, swipes a spot clean with an eraser and races on.
Replace Gray's blackboards with whiteboards or, worse, a tablet computer that projects numbers onto a screen, and you might as well tie his arms or gag him. He's among an army of professors who want to keep their blackboards despite the university's push to eliminate flying chalk dust that can foil today's expensive classroom technology.

Eh. I don't have a lot of sympathy. There is a tactile difference to chalk and dry erase markers, but I think it's largely more a matter of familiarity and personal comfort and obstinate resistance to change that's fueling the opposition, not anything necessary to teaching. And math in particular—it's strings of symbols on a surface. Dry erase markers produce higher contrast, bolder lines; I would think that they would be superior to chalk, once the instructor gets used to them. I can use either, and tend to favor video projection, anyway.

Although…there is one place where I would favor the chalkboard. One of my pleasantest memories of my undergraduate education was my comparative anatomy course. I and many of my fellow students would always show up early for class, because Professor Snider would come in 10 or 15 minutes before it started, armed with his own personal box of colored chalk. And then he would start drawing. He'd sketch in these elaborate diagrams—skull bones of reptiles, birds and mammals, a hindlimb with the muscles pulled apart to show their attachments, a time-series of kidney development. One thing you can do with chalk that is impossible to do well with a dry erase marker is shading, and he'd carefully color-code all the parts he was planning to talk about that day. It was like watching a good sidewalk artist at work. And all of us students would be sitting at our desks with our collections of colored pens and pencils, filling in the pages of our notebook before he started talking, because we knew that once he started explaining things there wouldn't be time to draw.

And at the end of class, he'd take an eraser and quickly destroy all of his work. It was a marvel. The ability to blithely obliterate a beautiful creation because one can create it quickly and at will is a real talent.

There aren't many people around who do that kind of thing anymore, but I'd be willing to fight for the retention of blackboards to protect them.

The other thing he did that I'm really trying to work towards is that he would only have at most a half-dozen of these diagrams on the chalkboard, and that would be his whole lecture, taking apart and explaining each one in depth. In these days of easy, instantaneous page flipping with computers and video projectors, I'll easily zip through 20 diagrams in the same amount of time. I don't think I'm teaching better for it, though, and it's always a struggle between teaching students one thing very, very well or teaching them a dozen things rather more superficially…which you would think should be a no-brainer decision (depth of understanding is always to be desired!), except that I've got a list of a thousand things I'd like them to leave the class knowing, and chopping it down to a dozen is painful enough.


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Comments:
#6599: — 09/30  at  08:27 AM
One problem with whiteboards over chalk is that the dust is more of a problem in a lab room with microscopes. The chalk dust is easier to remove from the moving parts and less abrasive and gummy. At the same time, it would be nice to have more options - I am stuck in a world of low tech clasrooms!



#6600: — 09/30  at  08:28 AM
One of my old university profs used to make these overhead projector slides (in the days before PowerPoint) by hand that were works of art. His text looked like a computer font and his diagrams sharp, colourful and fantastically detailed. I kept some of his slides just for the way they looked rather than the content.



#6601: — 09/30  at  08:35 AM
I doubt there's anything in the world worse than trying to take notes during a math class where the chalkboard's erasers suck. Trying to distinguish the newest symbols when the old ones are still perfectly legible is torture, and whiteboards eliminate that problem.



#6604: ssp — 09/30  at  09:18 AM
Being into maths myself, I can assure you that nothing replaces a proper blackboard.

The advantages of whiteboards you state are merely theoretical. In practice it seems that whiteboards almost always have broken markers. And that they are too small (have you seen a lecture hall with a set of six 2 square metre whiteboards yet?). In addition, using chalk usually gives you more control than whiteboard markers - as they are more pressure sensitive. And the standard line thickness of chalk seems to be thinner, allowing for smaller letters (subscripts etc).

Usability aside, I wonder how this looks from a business point of view. While a good blackboard may be quite expensive to buy (is there anything as a good whiteboard?) it will last for decades. And the cost of buying chalk should be minute when compared to that for markers.



#6605: — 09/30  at  09:20 AM
that assumes, gwangi, that the whiteboard's erasers don't suck. unfortunately, i've sat in more classrooms where they do than where they don't. so on that count, i'd have to say the score is tied...



#6606: — 09/30  at  09:31 AM
Ack.The blackboard is horrible! The smell of chalk and the sound of erasers is viscerally revolting to me. Long live the whiteboard!



#6607: sennoma — 09/30  at  09:33 AM
Dry erase markers produce higher contrast, bolder lines

As with the points above about sucky erasers, markers only make good lines when new. They don't stay new very long, and once they've started to fade and the points have started to squish (two things that never happen to chalk) they rapidly approach illegibility. I think it's important to take into account the ineluctible fact that the university will never provide sufficient markers and erasers; while there's a smidgen of ink left, the beancounters will insist that's good enough. If the eraser's too old, use your shirt. (What, me, bitter?)

Also, for the colourblind, chalk tends to come in fewer colours and those tend to be less likely to cause problems. There are lots of green markers, for instance, that I have real trouble reading on a white board, but I've yet to see a chalk colour I couldn't read.



#6609: Bartholomew — 09/30  at  09:46 AM
Here in Japan we all use blackboards. The dust manages to irritate my eczema and has left yellow stains on some of my clothes. But I suppose it's partly my own fault: I used to have the habit of fiddling with the board-marker lid when I spoke, and this has now turned into digging my thumb-nail into the chalk.

On the plus side, because I write with my left hand above the words boardwork is an uphill struggle anyway, and with chalk there is at least less smudging from that.



#6610: — 09/30  at  10:10 AM
Having used whiteboards for the last couple years, I have to say I prefer them over chalk. My main complaint is that the markers do run dry extremely fast. I can't tell you how many times I've been up there shaking the damn marker when I should have been completing some critical train of thought.

Really though, with good markers/chalk and erasers, both types of board are infinitely preferable to the modern PowerPoint slideshow, which encourages us to squeeze an overwhelming amount of information into a lecture, and generally moves along at a rate limited only by how quickly the instructor can get the words out, leaving note-taking students frustrated and often confused.



#6612: — 09/30  at  10:13 AM
Few things annoy me more than the feel of chalk dust wedged into my fingerprint ridges, so I'm thoroughly in favor of whiteboards. On the PowerPoint issue, what I tend to do is put an outline on the slide, then put additional notes up on the board.



's avatar #6613: PZ Myers — 09/30  at  10:18 AM
I just knew this debate would trigger the religious fervor on both sides.

The unreliability of dry erase markers is a problem. I just came back from a class, and half the markers had their points jammed deep into the handle -- probably by a prior instructor (a mathematician, no doubt!) who used them as a punctuation tool, stabbing the board with them. UMM is pretty good about stocking the classrooms with plenty of markers, though, so I just throw the bad ones into the trash and move on to another.

PZ Myers
Division of Science and Math
University of Minnesota, Morris



#6614: — 09/30  at  10:22 AM
Chalk dust makes me sneeze. Whiteboard markers make my nose and eyes run like crazy. Plus they run out and nobody ever replaces them. Viva la chalkboard!



Trackback: Blackboards vs. Whiteboards Tracked on: Geek Notes (63.247.72.186) at 2004 09 30 10:28:17
Finally, a discussion of supreme importance. The Stata Center is full of whiteboards but I managed to have a blackboard put into my office. Call me old-fashioned, but really it’s more of the smell of the markers that bothers me....



#6617: — 09/30  at  12:24 PM
I'm with you on preferring the whiteboards. Easier to see, especially compared to older chalkboards with built-up layers of chalk. Though I, too, had a professor who did excellent diagrams of the body structure of obscure phyla that were amazing, and I think he had more colors of chalk than I've seen available for whiteboard markers.



#6618: — 09/30  at  01:13 PM
I'm casting my vote for calling the whiteboard vs. chalkboard question a draw grin. The real value of both, in my opinion, is that one is forced to slow down and pare down the information compared to using PowerPoint slides or pre-written overhead transparencies. Obviously, PowerPoint slides can be used effectively if one makes a very deliberate effort to limit the textual information and sheer number of slides. It is awfully tempting, though, to add just one more slide to try to squeeze in just a bit more information. One strategy that I have found effective is to use the PowerPoint slides generally to show graphical information and to write/outline on the board to supply essential textual details. If one uses PowerPoint to deliver text, even in bulleted lists, it does help to make a notes/hand out version of the slides available to the audience ahead of time - but of course that means having the slides prepared early enough to do the printing.



#6619: — 09/30  at  01:17 PM
I love blackboards because they allow me to exercise my sadist tendencies. (WARNING: YOU MAY HAVE A PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO THE NEXT SENTENCE.)I have no problem with finger nails squeaking along a blackboard and once, back in my high school teacher days, ran my nails along my two blackboards without pause. As I recall, several students fainted.

I use PowerPoint but post the outline on our Blackboard system. I add to the slides in class, often significantly, so just downloading the PP won't cut it for exams. Our new laptops at WSU are tablet tops which means I can "write" onto the PP slides as I go along. Nifty.



#6620: — 09/30  at  01:21 PM
I guess we'll have to chalk this one up to personal preference ... {hides}



#6626: Sean D. Hurley — 09/30  at  03:55 PM
I prefer white boards because I find it easier to write on them -- and having carpal tunnel syndrome anything that makes it easier to write is a good thing.

You might think that someone like me would prefer powerpoint... but not so. When teaching grad students, even though they like to sit there like lugs, I prize interaction. I like to give lectures with a white board in order to be more interactive, to ask them questions and to tailor my lecture to their responses.

For general presentations, or presentations with real data, however, there's nothing like a good powerpoint presentations... but I miss the slide carosels, and I miss them for, perhaps an odd, reason.

Since having slides usually cost money, people would reuse slides. So each slide presentation had a motley history of sorts. It was always fascinating to look at real raw data that was 10 years old and compare it to the stuff that was hot off the press. I miss that.

Best,



#6627: Rachel Shallit — 09/30  at  04:10 PM
Although I'm only a lowly student, I have to say that I prefer whiteboards. I hate doing problems on the chalkboard; I hate the texture of chalk in my hands and the feeling of it scraping on the board. It's a weaker version of the nails-on-chalkboard sound aversion. (For me, the sound aversion has a lot to do with imagining the feeling of nails on the chalkboard.)

It doesn't bother me when professors write on chalkboards, but if I were a professor I'd prefer a room with a whiteboard any day. Writing on chalkboards... ugh.



#6628: Joe — 09/30  at  05:08 PM
You guys are all sooo out of date. Every lecture theatre and tutorial room at my (25,000+ students) university have now got a built in projector, PC, tablet and modern equivalent of the OHP (a camera thinggy). Half of them have neither chalk or marker boards.

(All while the Student's Union complains repeatedly about there being no gym or pool!)



#6630: — 09/30  at  05:26 PM
Call me new-fangled, but I HATE chalkboards. First and foremost, I hate the slippery feel of chalk dust and the way it gets all over my hands. Even worse, chalk has a disturbing tendency to be in tiny, centimeter-long pieces that are impossible to write with; markers, naturally, never have this problem. Also, I've yet to see a chalkboard that's possible to erase without leaving, at best, a cloud of smudge that obscures any subsequent writing, and at worst a ghostly outline of the previous drawing that mixes confusingly with the next one. The whiteboards I've used, on the other hand, almost always erase perfectly. Finally, I find it *much* easier to write and draw clearly with markers. When I try to use chalk, the lines come out thin, jagged and unreadable -- and as for drawing curves, forget it! Whiteboards have a few problems -- cost, colorblindness issues (although I've heard that for most people, dark text on light is much easier to read than light text on dark), and running out of ink, but for me they're the only way to go.



#6631: WolverineTom — 09/30  at  05:39 PM
I prefer chalkboards, just for the fact that the boards are made from slate (a metamorphic rock) and chalk is a mineral deposit formed from microscopic organisms.

Plus, I enjoy seeing the sight of my professors covered with chalk dust.



#6633: Joe — 09/30  at  06:01 PM
Chalkboards are generally cheap wood painted with a special chalkboard paint.

And sticks of chalk are not chalk. Chalk rock is calcium carbonate, chalk sticks are calcium sulphate.

Sorry! smile



#6635: WolverineTom — 09/30  at  06:23 PM
I'm not aware of those type of chalkboards. All the ones I've seen and used are made from slate.



#6639: bitchphd — 09/30  at  08:46 PM
I hate getting chalk on my ass when I lean against the chalk tray.

But the story of the anatomy prof is really inspiring. Hope I teach that well some day.



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