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Saturday, August 13, 2005

Get out of the quicksand, Panda's Thumb!

Ah, poor Panda's Thumb. It's getting hit with the Religious Wars. Don't they know that Pharyngula is the place to battle over atheism and religion? I'm going to side with my compatriots over there who think religion should not be a discussion topic there, but that doesn't mean I can't argue about it elsewhere.

Nick Matzke brings up one interesting but irrelevant point.

Jacob Weisberg and Julian Sanchez, who both want to argue that evolution is incompatible with religious belief, have to explain why the same logic does not also apply to meteorology, germ theory, genetics, atomism, etc. All of these contradict certain literal interpretations of fundamental Judeo-Christian-Islamic holy texts. All of these scientific discoveries have experienced objections from certain religious sects, even though, now, it seems silly to almost every religious person that there would be some kind of religious problem with genetics or meteorology.

There is a good question there: why does evolution stir up these debates? However, it's not our question to answer. If scientists were driven to crash Sunday School sessions and yell at the little kiddies that Genesis is a lie, it would be a point worth bringing up on the Panda's Thumb…but we're not. The argument is all coming from the other direction. So don't ask me or my heathenish ilk why they leave meteorology alone (although…didn't Pat Robertson make some theological assertions about the paths of tornadoes?), ask them. And please don't chew out the atheists over it—they aren't the ones trying to degrade public education or insert atheism into the school's science instruction.

This part, though, I find a bit annoying.

Michael Ruse has been getting flack from certain quarters lately for pointing this out, and perhaps he sometimes does exagerrate the sins of Richard Dawkins et al. in this area. But the very reason that Ruse has to pound the table so hard is that a certain segment of evolution/atheism popularizers stubbornly, and in the case of Jacob Weisberg, defiantly, refuses to separate their science and their religious argumentation. Basically, they take the lazy step of saying “Look, folks, it’s science or religion,” and attempt to force people to chose their favorite, rather than actually arguing for their own religious view of atheism. Make no mistake: arguing for atheism is making a religious argument, just like arguing for theism. Having religious arguments is a grand human tradition and all for the good, but history has shown that it is a Very Bad Thing if governments take sides on these arguments. Atheists insisting that evolution proves atheism make it appear as if teaching standard science in biology classrooms is actually state sponsorship of atheism, and this is what motivates creationists/IDists. It is highly doubtful that the evolution=atheism mixture has ever been a significant component of public education in the U.S., but if people who are ostensibly supporting teaching evolution can’t resist mixing in the religious argument for atheism, then it is understandable why the public will continue to be confused.

I guess I'm one of that tiny minority of PTers who will note that there really is a conflict between science and religion.

Nick has elided two very different points: 1) "evolution proves atheism" and 2) "evolution and religion are in conflict". (1) is false; I don't know of any sensible atheists who make such a claim, and Dawkins or Weisberg or any of the other boogiemen mentioned there certainly don't. (1) and (2) are not synonymous, and (2) is definitely true. We wouldn't be having these evolution-creation wars if it were not so. Go to any of the big guns of the religious right, say Johnson or Robertson or Dobson or Falwell, and try to tell them that they've got no argument with evolution. They'll disagree. Anyone wanna bet on it?

What Nick is doing is promoting one kind of religious belief, a sort of abstract deism, as compatible with evolutionary biology. Sure it is; I'll agree with him one hundred percent. But there are probably about as many people who practice that particularly fuzzy sort of religion as there are atheists, and what he is actually doing is pushing a kind of sectarian faith that will only serve to annoy the Baptist and Methodist and Catholic and miscellaneous Evangelical creationists. In order for the two to be compatible, we're insisting that these religions strip out articles of faith that they may consider indispensable.

I have no problem saying that religions that conflict with reality are wacky and should change; I'm an atheist. It's odd, though, to see people trying to fool themselves into believing that promoting their version of religion, which avoids key problems with evolutionary biology, is somehow less offensive than going whole hog and just stating that all religion is hooey.

I'll also add that if people really want to show that evolutionary biology is independent of religion, they're going to have to stop treating atheist proponents of evolution as the bad boys they'd like to keep in the closet. The evidence that evolution is not dependent on a religious point of view is that many Catholics and Baptists and Moslems and Buddhists and religious whatevers and atheists can all agree on its major ideas. Including us atheists pisses off the fundies terribly, but treating us as pariahs gives the lie to the the claim that it is not religious.


Trackback url: http://pharyngula.org/index/trackback/2734/ZIxCKGL9/

Comments:
#35411: — 08/13  at  06:40 PM
Pat Robertson specializes in hurricanes, making the news in 2003 when he prayed for Isabel to stay away from land. How did Prayin' Pat do? Check it out:

Isabel made landfall as a category 2 storm with maximum sustained winds near 85 kts around 17 UTC at Ocracoke Island between Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout. The storm continued to push inland, wreaking havoc in North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Washington and areas north.

All the hurricane details are here:

http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/isabel/



#35413: coturnix — 08/13  at  06:47 PM
Oh, and the tsunami, too....



#35414: Jim Harrison — 08/13  at  06:50 PM
The historicans I trust inform me that Darwinism didn't have much to do with the decline of religion in Europe; but the fact, which surprised a lot of people, that natural history didn't find any evidence of a creator failed to stem a tendency towards secularism that had other causes. It's something like what happens in an experiment when the data fails to reject the null hypothesis.



#35420: — 08/13  at  07:03 PM
Shit.

I initially made a comment in the thread you have linked to at PT up above that I thought was a reasonably innocent observation, and all hell broke loose. It's sort of fun being an agent provocateur, except for the accusation that by being fully rational and rejecting supernaturalism completely, I am damaging the cause of science education. Is this what it's like to be a gay priest, a mob informant, or a fan of Abba?

What a rush, man. I had fancied myself a reasonable, friendly, and empathetic fellow. Turns out I'm a fricking bad boy. I wonder if I can use my no-found cred to get some action with the ladies?



#35421: coturnix — 08/13  at  07:09 PM
Hey, what's wrong with ABBA?



#35426: BC — 08/13  at  07:24 PM
A great article on the Pat Robertson / weather thing:

Five years ago I wrote a column saying that televangelist Pat Robertson should concentrate on religion and leave weather forecasting to the professionals. The occasion then was Robertson, speaking for God, warning the city of Orlando to expect hurricanes in retribution for that city's decision to allow a gay celebration...
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000D88C5-279D-1F30-9AD380A84189F2D7



#35434: CKW — 08/13  at  07:45 PM

What Nick is doing is promoting one kind of religious belief, a sort of abstract deism, as compatible with evolutionary biology. Sure it is; I'll agree with him one hundred percent. But there are probably about as many people who practice that particularly fuzzy sort of religion as there are atheists, and what he is actually doing is pushing a kind of sectarian faith that will only serve to annoy the Baptist and Methodist and Catholic and miscellaneous Evangelical creationists. In order for the two to be compatible, we're insisting that these religions strip out articles of faith that they may consider indispensable.

If science is able to change in reaction to new evidence (as it should), then why do people complain when religions do the same thing?

If religions remain static in the face of real-world evidence, they are called fundamentalist. (I believe that fundamentalism is an intellectual blight, BTW.) But if religion changes in the face of real-world evidence, is it called "a kind of fuzzy deism". The critics of religion appear to be having it both ways.

It saddens me, because we atheists' greatest allies against fundamentalism are the "liberal" theists, the ones who have their faith but do not believe that science provides evidence for it, and that do not treat their faith as the sole source of truth. To treat even those who would support us in our fight as if they were in the opposing camp is a terrible waste. It smacks of fundamentalism on our own side, an intolerant belief that we are the only source of truth, and that offends me on some intellectual level, being fully aware of my own lack of knowledge.



#35437: — 08/13  at  07:54 PM
"There is a good question there: why does evolution stir up these debates?"
I posted something at Sanchez addressing exactly that point:
"This is a point I've been making for a while, and I feel it's an important one. That said, I do think this article misses the real thrust of religions antipathy toward evolution. It isn't just that science demystifies the universe and makes the need for God less urgent, although that surely plays a part; the real crux is that many scientific theories have implied or assumed philosophical corollaries that are hostile to religion. Consider Galileo. The reason he got in hot water with the Church wasn't simply because his reordering of the heavens demystified the universe, but rather because moving the Earth out of the center of the universe had severe theological repercussions. Evolution is the same, but on a much larger scale. Evolution, while theoretically compatible with religion, posits a "vulgar ontology" that, in practice, is highly toxic to any form of transcendental belief. Such beliefs revolve around giving the world meaning, and the idea that our existence is due solely to the fact that our ancestors were quite good at surviving is obviously going to conflict with them. Religion does have an issue with science in general, but its real beef is with the specific aspects of science which are actively corrosive to religious belief."

That one can claim Evolution doesn't conflict with religion because abstract deism is compatible is missing the point. In a very real sense, Deism isn't a religion. Sure, it has God and such, but religion exists to explain the world and scratch the metaphysical, what is the meaning of life itch. You only really see deism as the thinking mans alternative in deeply religious societies.



#35438: — 08/13  at  07:55 PM
But there are probably about as many people who practice that particularly fuzzy sort of religion as there are atheists, and what he is actually doing is pushing a kind of sectarian faith that will only serve to annoy the Baptist and Methodist and Catholic and miscellaneous Evangelical creationists.

Hey hey hey, leave us Catholics out of it -- our Church has officially believed in evolution since 1950. The late Pope JPII even published an official encyclical about it: http://www.cin.org/jp2evolu.html

Sure, they dress it up by saying that where atheists see random occurrences, the Church sees the hand of God, but that's always been an area where it's kinda hard to argue that one side is definitively right or definitively wrong. Still, belief in evolution and the Big Bang are official doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.



#35443: — 08/13  at  08:12 PM
It's a fact that evolution is incompatible with certain forms of religion. Reality itself is incompatible with certain forms of religion. If you want to assert, as a religious tenet, that the earth is six thousand years old, and you claim that this assertion is a foundational one for your religion, then your religion is, demonstrably, a false religion. Science really does invalidate some kinds of religion.

The problem with making this argument, I've found, is that most people are the most incredibly sloppy thinkers you could possibly imagine. Most people, like Alice's Red Queen, are quite capable of believing six impossible things before breakfast each morning. And if all six things contradict each other - well, that's not much of a problem, either.

I know that sounds harsh, but it isn't really meant as an insult. Most people are still good, decent people who love their families and pay their taxes and just want to have a nice life. If the logical extension of their belief x is A, and the logical extension of their belief y is ~A, they really don't care. It's only amongst people for whom intellectual rigor is a part of their livelihood - like scientists - that I find any real concern for these sorts of problems.

This is why people are able to hold at the same time both the belief that "The bible is a good guide to morality" and the belief "child abuse is wrong" (because lord knows you find plenty of child abuse among the righteous in the Bible). There isn't an ounce of critical thought that goes into their forming either of these beliefs as far as I can tell. The Christians that I've spoken to on this topic give me the impression that the reason they think the Bible is a good guide to morality is because when they used to go to church as children, they felt warm happy feelings inside, so it must be good. It's not how I choose to form my ethical values, but as long as they aren't stoning my kids to death before the city gates, I can't really complain.

So, really, evolution is only a problem for people who make the attempt to be consistent in their thinking, but choose to privilege the Bible over their own experience of reality.



#35444: — 08/13  at  08:12 PM
Whenever someone argues for the particular kind of deism that people argue for when defending the compatibility of science and religion, I think they should include a list of what, exactly, it implies. I.e., if you're a Christian,

1. You can go to church, but you can't think you have to go to church.

2. You can pray, but have to acknowledge it's not capable of achieving anything.

3. You can read the Bible, as fiction (mostly).

4. You can think Jesus is a great guy, but not the son of God or even a capable magician.

5. You can believe in God (sort of), but He hasn't done anything of note in billions of years.

6. You don't get to be a better or more moral person for having Faith.

It's not very appealing.

Of course, what really happens is people defend this version while practising something entirely different.



#35447: Carl Isaacson — 08/13  at  08:35 PM
As a serious religionist, a Lutheran and fairly traditional in my Lutheranism, I have to take some umbrage at some of the assertions in the comments.

I do think there is a conflict between religion and science if you assume that truth is unitary. If all knowledge is and must be scientific and empirical, then of course you have to give the nod to Western experimental sciences is all things. But I would contend, and many would contend with me, that not all knowledge can be subsumed under the heading of science. That does not invalidate the knowledge, it merely makes it of another type. Evolution does explain much. It does not, at least not for me, demystify the world or the workings of human beings.

In fact, science seems to me to make the world a more awe inspiring place, not less.

This doesn't mean I would remove the conflict between science and religion. I would probably speak of it as a tension rather than a conflict. I would also think of it as a relatively healthy place for dialog between science and religion, rather than as a place that led folks to be dismissive of the arguments of others.



#35452: — 08/13  at  08:50 PM
Thank you for this, PZ. I, like Greg, am baffled -- and a little troubled -- by the fact that his (fairly innocuous) comment ignited a firestorm of controversy.

I'm especially dismayed at the implication by one PT poster (whom I once admired) that "ideological atheists" should be kicked out (from what?) because their views run contrary to some percieved strategy. (And what, exactly, is an "ideological atheist"?)

And while I'm on the subject... is it possible that there are many educated, otherwise well-informed people (including some posters on PT) who don't know what it means when someone identifies himself as an atheist? I find it offensive that atheism (a lack of belief in a god) is so often conflated with anti-theism.

In any case, I refuse to shut up and sit at the back of the bus just because some of my fellow evolution proponents think that my lack of belief makes them look bad.



#35453: CKW — 08/13  at  09:01 PM
Poke said:

It's not very appealing.

It's actually appealing enough to be a pretty decent description of modern liberal theology.

Carl Isaacson said:

But I would contend, and many would contend with me, that not all knowledge can be subsumed under the heading of science.

Thank you for stating that in very clear, direct words. It's certainly what I believe, as an atheist.



#35454: Arun — 08/13  at  09:07 PM
It's odd, though, to see people trying to fool themselves into believing that promoting their version of religion, which avoids key problems with evolutionary biology, is somehow less offensive than going whole hog and just stating that all religion is hooey.


This argument would imply that science is also all hooey. Agreed science is what is in accord with reality; but the pile of scientific theories that were once accepted as being in accord with reality and later discarded is quite large. Likewise with philosophy or with any other human endeavor. Difficulty in apprehending reality is not unique to religion.

What is hooey is the claim that One Book contains the complete, final, eternal and infallible truth. If all religion consists of such claims, then yes, all religion is hooey. But thinking that these claims is all there is to religion is like considering the cold fusionists to be representative of physical chemists.



#35456: — 08/13  at  09:30 PM
IMO, evolution and religion are only compatible in the sense that evolution can concisely explain religious behaviour. In short, religious people are simply falling back on their Darwinian instinct for survival when then strive for immortality. Would there even *be* any Christians if Christianity didn't promise them immortality? Of course not. In the end, it is their natural selfish instinct for survival and continuity that drives them to religion. Anything that gets in the way of that will be subject to the same kind of snarling primal attack that a mother would launch in protecting it's offspring. Evolutionists shouldn't be suprised at all.



#35462: polymath — 08/13  at  10:44 PM
getting back to the original question: why is evolution singled out from among all the other natural phenomena that have been claimed to contradict the bible?

i think it's because the fundamentalists have a lot at stake in believing that humans are special in nature. they got their own day in genesis, after all. and evolution challenges that belief, of course. if some atmospheric facts contradict some biblical passages, the stakes aren't very high. but if evolution is true, humans just aren't that exceptional anymore, and that challenges much more of the foundations of fundamentalism.

also: i agree that religious believers of evolution have something valuable to add to the discussion...they might be the only ones that the fundamentalists will ever listen to.

also: it's not that the fundamentalists simply ignore the facts in favor of their world view. it's that they honestly believe that creationism IS a fact. if the evidence contradicts it, there must be something wrong with how we gather/interpret evidence. if you found out that something incorrect was being taught in your kids' school, you'd try to get it changed, too. that's how they're seeing it, and all the evidence in the world won't change their mind because the bible's account is (for them) a priori fact, and therefore what should obviously be taught. the sad fact is there can't be a logical counter-argument because they've twisted the logic.



's avatar #35463: PZ Myers — 08/13  at  11:05 PM
No, Mnemosyne, you aren't off the hook. I was referring specifically to Catholic creationists, and we all know such things exist...Pat Buchanan, for instance.

PZ Myers
Division of Science and Math
University of Minnesota, Morris



#35464: — 08/13  at  11:15 PM
PZ wrote: "I guess I'm one of that tiny minority of PTers who will note that there really is a conflict between science and religion."

What specific religion and what specific conflict in science? There are MANY religions, most which conflict with science are, in fact, Judeo-Christian in form. There are prominent religions in the East which do NOT have a conflict with science, as can be told of predominantly Christian, Shinto, or Buddhist Japan. Buddhism itself, like Hindu, holds no truck with "creation vs. science" polarized arguments, and such dramatization only serves to indict those of the world who have no issue with deity as well as empiricism.



#35466: Dan S. — 08/13  at  11:20 PM
I think the glass of lemonade tea I spilled on the computer ate my comment, so:

Jillian - bravo! I had tried to mutter this half-heartedly over at the Thumb - this is much better.

Don't forget, 38% of 2004 Gallup-polled-people claim to be theistic evolutionists. What this actually means, who knows, but it's interesting.

Jim - references?

Poke - I too think the beliefs you describe are pretty appealing. I'm sticking with atheism, but if I had to change . . .

This isn't an accurate description, though. At least, it doesn't acknowledge other kinds of religious belief that have some reasonable claim for compatability with science.

" I would probably speak of it as a tension rather than a conflict."
That's kinda nifty.

And remember, if you're feeling down - just think what it would be like to be an Abba-loving gay priest informing on the mob?
See? Don't you feel better now?



#35468: Dan S. — 08/13  at  11:53 PM
The ongoing multi-blog discussion on whether or not religion is compatible with evolution has shaped up as a few excellent insights lost in a sea of vagueness. Therefore . . .

I would like to announce that entries are now being accepted for the very first Evolution/Religion State Fair (I was going to do a Carnival, but was just a little too . . . exciting); All entries must be in by August 21; winners will be displayed at One Long Argument on August 22. There will be numerous classes for all sorts of entries (including, of course, humorously-shaped vegetables - I mean posts)
Additional information will be available at
http://onelongargument.blogspot.com
Entries can be submitted at



#35469: Jim Harrison — 08/13  at  11:57 PM
Steve Bruce, a sociologist of religion, argues the case that Darwinism had little to do with the advent of secularism in his book God is Dead--I don't think his opinion is idiosyncratic, though writers like Owen Chadwick (The Secularization of the European Mind in the 19th Century)afford a larger role to the popularizations of Darwin in influencing Middle Class folks. Which probably just means that sociologists think of religion differently than historians of ideas. For the former, religion is an aspect of culture that orders the actual conduct of life. For the later, as it has become for many Americans and Europeans, it is a mere set of opinions that have hardly any obvious effect on one's day to day existence.

That it did make a difference in the long run that biology did not provide evidence for God is my own idea, though I'm sure this dog that didn't bark bit has occured to many people before me.



#35470: Dan S. — 08/14  at  12:07 AM
County Fair, I meant County Fair. (It's hot over here). Entries can be submitted in classes covering all aspects of the relationship between evolution and religion, from NOMA to open warfare.



#35474: — 08/14  at  12:32 AM
Perhaps the concept of the soul explains some of the difficulty the religious have with evolution. Wouldn't it be blasphemous to suggest that our kinds of apes evolved a soul? Did Cro Magnons have a soul, but not Neandertals?



#35476: — 08/14  at  12:42 AM
As a serious religionist, a Lutheran and fairly traditional in my Lutheranism, I have to take some umbrage at some of the assertions in the comments.


Yes, religionists do take umbrage when their unsupported claims are challenged; it's virtually a defining characteristic. And another way that science and religion are incompatible.

But I would contend, and many would contend with me, that not all knowledge can be subsumed under the heading of science. That does not invalidate the knowledge, it merely makes it of another type.


Yes, there's the kind of knowledge that's true, and then there's the other kind of knowledge that's people making arbitrary and unsupported claims. Just another type.

Here's the deal: the scientific method repeatedly and reliably produces predictions that turn out to be true. This makes the scientific method a reliable epistemic source. Reliable doesn't mean guaranteed; but if you believe a scientific prediction, there's a good chance that your belief is true. The other kind of knowledge, where people just say stuff because, well, they believe it, is not that sort of epistemic source. What it is instead is a big festering boil of arrogance. Go ahead, take umbrage, but try not to burst a vessel.

Now, of course, the story is a bit more complex, and, there are other kinds of knowledge. There's derived knowledge, where we infer something from some other knowledge. This actually results in a deductive net of knowledge. And there's the sort of bodily knowledge where you know whether you're in pain. That stuff is tricky, and the philosophers and linguists fret over it. But it's not that sort of unjustified-claim-arrogantly-called-knowledge stuff; it's understood and accepted by everyone that you know you're in pain if and only if you really are in pain, because that's inherent in what we mean by "pain", or how, per Wittgenstein, we use the word. Whereas for "I know God loves me" there's no sort of consensus at all as to what might make it true or even meaningful. But of course that doesn't stop people from gathering in groups and proclaiming "I know God loves me" and pretending that, by using that word, they get any of the real true blue epistemic inferential goodies that come with actually knowing something.



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