Pharyngula

Pharyngula has moved to http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/

Thursday, October 13, 2005

Idiot America

I love this article.

Ctenotrish sent along a copy of Greetings from Idiot America, by Charles P. Pierce (sorry, but it's behind a firewall, and you have to pay $2.95 to see it) from the latest Esquire. I don't think I've ever read this magazine before—it's one of those things with half-naked young ladies draped over the cover, which, strangely enough, isn't something that usually entices me to pick up a copy—but this one article has all the vigor and passion that most of our media have wrung out of their press, replacing it with tepid timidity and vacuous boosterism for whatever the polls say is most popular today. It begins with a description of a tour of Ken Ham's new creation science museum in Kentucky, with its dinosaurs wearing saddles and its bland Adam, which we learn is naked but sculpted without a penis, and the train of well-fed Middle American boobs lining up with great earnestness to parade through the patently bogus exhibits.

What is Idiot America?

The rise of Idiot America is essentially a war on expertise. It's not so much antimodernism or the distrust of intellectual elites that Richard Hofstadter deftly teased out of the national DNA forty years ago. Both of those things are part of it. However, the rise of Idiot America today represents—for profit mainly, but also, and more cynically, for political advantage in the pursuit of power—the breakdown of a consensus that the pursuit of knowledge is a good. It also represents the ascendancy of the notion that the people whom we should trust the least are teh people who know best what they are talking about. In the new media age, everybody is a historian, or a preacher, or a scientist, or a sage. And if everyone is an expert, then nobody is, and the worst thing you can be in a society where everybody is an expert is, well, an actual expert.

In the place of expertise, we have elevated the Gut, and the Gut is a moron, as anyone who has ever tossed a golf club, punched a wall, or kicked an errant lawn mower knows. We occasionally dress up the Gut by calling it "common sense." The president's former advisor on medical ethics regularly refers to the "yuck factor." The Gut is common. It is democratic. It is the roiling repository of dark and ancient fears. Worst of all, the Gut is faith-based.

It's a dishonest phrase for a dishonest time, "faith-based," a cheap huckster's phony term of art. It sounds like an additive, an artificial flavoring to make crude biases taste of bread and wine. It's a word for people without the courage to say they are religious, and it is beloved not only by politicians too cowardly to debate something as substantial as faith but also by Idiot America, which is too lazy to do it.

While I think faith is insubstantial, I'll grant the writer license—its proponents believe it is substantial, which makes their thin gruel of "faith-based" this and that particularly unpalatable. The main point is something that has long bothered me—we've replaced the esteem for real knowledge and skill with vague notions of "faith".

Intelligent Design creationism is such a good example of that phenomenon.

On August 21, a newspaper account of the "intelligent design" movement contained this remarkable sentence: "They have mounted a politically savvy challenge to evolution as the bedrock of modern biology, propelling a fringe academic movement onto the front pages and putting Darwin's defenders firmly on the defensive."

A "politically savvy challenge to evolution" is as self-evidently ridiculous as an agriculturally savvy challenge to euclidean geometry would be. It makes as much sense as conducting a Gallup poll on gravity or running someone for president on the Alchemy party ticket. It doesn't matter what percentage of people believe they ought to be able to flap their arms and fly, none of them can. It doesn't matter how many votes your candidate got, he's not going to turn lead into gold. This sentence is so arrantly foolish that the only real news is where it appeared.

On the front page.

Of the New York Times.

Within three days, there was a panel on the subject on Larry King Live, in which Larry asked the following question:

"All right, hold on. Dr. Forest, your concept of how can you out-and-out turn down creationism, since if evolution is true, why are there still monkeys?"

And why do so many of them host television programs, Larry?

The article in question is by the vacuous Jodi Wilgoren. Nobody at the New York Times seem to get it: they are one of the mothers of Idiot America, nursing the country on a strange ideal of balance, where every example of expertise is precisely neutralized with a dollop of inanity, which is treated as if it is as equally valuable as the actual facts. It's sad to see how far we've fallen.

The country was founded by people who were fundamentally curious; Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, to name only the most obvious examples, were inveterate tinkerers. (Before dispatching Lewis and Clark into the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson insisted that the pair categorize as many new plant and animal species as they found. Considering they were also mapping everything from Missouri to Oregon, this must have been a considerable pain in the canoe.) Further, they assumed that their posterity would feel much the same as they did; in 1815, appealing to Congress to fund the building of a national university, James Madison called for the development of "a nursery of enlightened preceptors."

It is a long way from that to the moment on February 18, 2004, when sixty two scientists, including a clutch of Nobel laureates, released a report accusing the incumbent administration of manipulating science for political ends. It is a long way from Jefferson's observatory and Franklin's kite to George W. Bush, in an interview in 2005, suggesting that intelligent design ought to be taught alongside the theory of evolution in the nation's science classes. "Both sides ought to be properly taught," said the president, "so people can understand what the debate is about."

The "debate," of course, is nothing of the sort, because two sides are required for a debate. Nevertheless, the very notion of it is a measure of how scientific discourse, and the way the country educates itself, has slipped through lassitude and inattention across the border into Idiot America—where fact is merely that which enough people believe, and truth is measured only by how fervently they believe it.

That's a contrast that hurts: we've gone from Enlightenment America, which strangely enough all the idiots still revere, to George W. Bush's Idiot America. Can we please bring it back?

Idiot America is a collaborative effort, the result of millions of decisions made and not made. It's the development of a collective Gut at the expense of a collective mind. It's what results when politicians make ridiculous statements and not merely do we abandon the right to punish them for it at the polls, but we also become too timid to punish them with ridicule on a daily basis, because the polls say they're too popular anyway. It's what happens when leaders are not held to account for mistakes that end up killing people.

You would be surprised at how much email is sent to me telling me to stop being so derisive, that harsh language and ridicule turn people off and repel the very ones we're trying to persuade. My reply is like the one above; by refusing to ridicule the ridiculous, by watering down every criticism into a mannered circumlocution, we have created an environment where idiots thrive unchallenged. We have a twit for a president because so many people made apologies for his ludicrous lack of qualifications—we need more people unabashedly pointing out fools.

I'm doing my part to fight Idiot America. I hope more people join me.


Trackback url: http://pharyngula.org/index/trackback/3133/PBg325vH/

Comments:
#43909: — 10/14  at  10:54 AM
"The last time I went to the store, I saw organic salt. Sorry for those of you who might have just snorted pepsi all over their keyboard, but I am not joking. Organic salt. You see, it's all natural and has not been "processed," unlike that evil corporate salt."

Are Americans really more gullible than they were a century ago, though? Back then, quack medicines were all the rage, and there was a popular belief that Halley's comet was going to doom the earth in a cloud of cyanogen gas. I think we're no better or worse now, and I think even Jefferson and Franklin represented the elite of their day. For that matter, take Henry David Thoreau, a representative American thinker from only slightly later in history. He had a lot of things to say, but his trancendentalist views would not find a home on this blog. And likewise there's no reason to cast the farmers, merchants, and artisans of the day as great skeptics. They were probably too busy with their trades.

"Organic" salt is pretty silly, since it's an inorganic compound, but sea salt isn't exactly pure NaCl and people might like some of the additional flavors, or believe that there are micronutrients in some of the additional components. That belief might be unscientific, but it's harmless and not totally crazy.

I think there's almost a prudishness to expecting rationality outside of the limited sphere in which it is necessary. E.g., some people would buy a car if it's red, but would not buy the same car in blue. They're entitled to that preference. They're entitled to buy salt because it says "organic." And, absent some (arguably appropriate) labeling standards, entrepreneurs are entitled to sell it to them.



#43910: Stephen Frug — 10/14  at  11:18 AM
PZ, please please please never stop ridiculing the ridiculous, deriding the despicable and using harsh language to describe idiotic things. It's not the only thing we need to do obviously -- but it's an important part. And you do it so well!



#43912: Arun — 10/14  at  11:45 AM
PaulC, I have the evil habit of eating salt neat, and yes, there is a big difference in taste between salt that is unprocessed, and the other kind. In fact, if the only salt available is the processed kind then I don't eat salt. At one time in India, salt production was a cottage industry, and one would buy large raw crystals and different purchases would taste different. The cottage industry probably still remains, but now most of the salt one can buy is produced by large corporations and is pretty standardized.



#43913: Sarah — 10/14  at  11:46 AM
I'm with Stephen Frug there. There is more than enough wishy-washy politeness about science in the media already. I breathe a little harder whenever someone is confident and ready to defend their evidence, especially when the conclusions offend somebody.
Umberto Eco finds a set of axioms on which all fascisms agree:

"Critical thought is the province of degenerate intellectuals, who betray the culture and subvert traditional values."

How is the culture going to get better if nobody betrays and subverts the bad parts? Cheers to your betrayin' and subvertin', PZ.



#43914: Keith Douglas — 10/14  at  11:50 AM
I always found it ironic the people who buy some of these "natural" foods are buying them because of their impurities. After all, why is your "natural" salt yellow? Because it is more than just NaCl (and iodide, which is often added deliberately). Similarly, the Hope diamond is regarded as interesting because is blue; why? Because it contains boron. And the lesson is, if you're flawless, you're ugly? Something like that ... (smile)



#43917: — 10/14  at  12:09 PM
So I'm driving home last night (yes, I hate to aadmit it, but at least I've downsized from my minivan to a lighter and leaner vehicle), listening to a dash of NPR, despite this being the middle of their fund drive, and I hear this bit on Bush's "address to the troops" event.

Of course, this event was phony from start to finish: NPR played an out-take of a woman who was the assistant secretary of something-or-other "prepping" the troops--she first discussed the "themes" that the president would be talking about, then they got it figured out which troop was gonna be responding to which type of question, and then they played a dry run of one of the questions.

Of course, this media-savvy woman was easily able to reel off the questions because they were all, big duh, scripted in advance. Even granting that, she did a pretty fair job, nice voice modulation, pacing, y'know, the obvious signs of someone who occasionally needs to read from a script or a teleprompter or an outline or a batch of notes, as part of their job.

And the troops weren't too shabby either--they also knew in advance what they were supposed to say, but they were clearly excited and honored to be talking to their president, and you could hear it in their young and authentic voices.

Then Doofus comes on for the real thing. NPR cleverly featured him asking the very same question as the "prep" question they had previously played.

"Um. Uh. [Long Pause.] Uh. Heh! Well, heh, uh, one of the things... Uh. Um. [Long pause.] Y'know, one of the areas, uh, that, uh, most interests me is, uh, y'know..." Etc. Beeevis or Butthead could have done a better job of public speaking than this idjit who's supposedly been learning this particular skill at our expense for the last too many years.

I'd just laugh, if I wasn't crying so hard.



#43918: — 10/14  at  12:12 PM
"Similarly, the Hope diamond is regarded as interesting because is blue; why? Because it contains boron. And the lesson is, if you're flawless, you're ugly?"

I think of it as an application of Rudy Rucker's dictum "Seek ye the gnarl." A pure salt crystal isn't ugly, it's just boring. Nature doesn't favor smooth surfaces and periodicity. It favors turbulence and fractal intricacy. This is why most people (I would bet anyway) prefer natural forms to minimalist art. It's just richer. It's also less tractable, which is why science has tended to focus on the continuous, the uniform, and the linear. Pure NaCl is as exciting as a pure 60 Hz sine wave. The human brain is accustomed to the cacophony of nature and prefers some nuance.



#43922: — 10/14  at  12:37 PM
PZ-

Thanks for pointing out Mr. Pierce's article. I recieved Esquire as a Xmas present from a yonger brother, apparently he felt that I neeed to become more hip or something. Will look it up. Also would like to take part of your writing and pass around to my family. OK?

RF



Trackback: American Idiots Tracked on: Jiggle The Handle (199.125.75.51) at 2005 10 14 13:27:03
I'm sure most of you already read Pharyngula (if you don't you should!), but there's an excellent post on a column by Charlies Pierce, who writes a pretty mean column in the Sunday Boston Globe magazine too. This one is...



#43975: paul — 10/14  at  04:02 PM
Samuel Marchbanks, that sage creations of Robertson Davies, refereed to this as The Apotheosis of the Yahoo.

When everyone is an expert, no one is. After the Revolution we won't all be in First Class: there won't be one.



#43987: — 10/14  at  05:38 PM
While in the library yesterday waiting for a computer, I noticed the new Esquire mag. Picked it up and read straight through the "Idiot America" article, finishing just as a computer was available.

Strangely enough--we don't believe in supernatural phenomena around here, do we?--my very first Web destination was Pharyngula, and there was your freshly posted "Idiot America" entry! Unfortunately, the library was about to close so after a hasty reading I dashed off an ineloquent, brief and possibly typo-ridden comment of appreciation.

Today, I returned to see just how embarrassing that hurried note was, and curiously enough it's not there. Was it purged for some reason, PZ? Just wondering. I have little of substance to add to these scientific discussions, but nonetheless appreciate your efforts as well as those of your more knowledgeable commenters (commentators?).

If an occasional appreciative but inconsequential remark from this quarter is out of order, I'll knock it off. Not to be snippy or petulant about the lousy comment-- I'm really just curious what's happened. Since an excerpt from the comment appeared in a Google search for "Idiot America," it must have been around for a while, anyway.

And for the record, you're not NEARLY derisive, dismissive, or sardonic enough for those paleocognitive nincompoops. Thanks!



's avatar #43989: PZ Myers — 10/14  at  05:44 PM
Oh, no, I deleted nothing. I kill spam, and if someone were to be truly obnoxious, I might disemvowel them or something, but otherwise I leave comments alone.

PZ Myers
Division of Science and Math
University of Minnesota, Morris



#43995: — 10/14  at  06:00 PM
Well, that's pretty much what I thought. It is curious that for a while Google referenced the comment... now that I think about it, your site was acting buggy at the time: the right side of my typed text was disappearing "out of the box," so that I couldn't see the entirety of what was being typed. Writing blind! Heard about that little glitch before?

Also, I've been readng Esquire since about age 10, since it was always around the house-- my parents were longtime subscribers. It's not exactly like reading Playboy "For the articles!" Esky has always had good stuff along with some pretentious garbage, and what's a little half-nakedness these days? By the way, the illustration for the hard-copy article was just great: a bizarre, Photoshopped portrait of Fred Flintstone. Check it out!



#44010: ekzept — 10/14  at  07:49 PM
... the truth will out - because it is the truth.
i agree with Steve LaBonne: there might be so much damage done by the time the truth is recognized that its attainment be pyrrhic.



#44014: — 10/14  at  08:39 PM
Grumpy Physicist grumped:
You know, the neutron multiplication chain reaction in an atomic bomb is "inherently statistical", yet the result is just about as fucking "definitive" as one can get.
I have trouble seeing this as disagreeing with anything I said. I did not mean to imply that processes that are modeled by statistical methods don't have definitive concrete effects. My point was that statistical methods, as a rule, don't give definitive answers to questions. Also, some questions, like whether the neutron multiplication chain reaction really will cause an explosion, are (relatively) easy to model and (relatively) easy to test, others, like the overall contribution of human activity to global climate change, are much less so.

In any case, the real problem is that level of sophistication of statistical argument in public discourse is moving in the direction of: "Scientists can make statistics say anything they want, so I might as well listen to the ones that tell me what I want to hear."

Torbjörn Larsson mused:
But earth history is observed, not invented, and as you say the methods and theories are validated by modern observations. So 'we were there', or at least our observations of historical facts were.
Well, I suppose to be technical it would be necessary to say that earth's history is inferred. The bones and rocks are real and can be observed, and we invent a story to explain them. The people worth listening to just have strict rules about making sure the stories are consistent with the observations (rather than, say, strict rules that the stories must be consistent with some millenia old book or other...).

Unfortunately, what you or I might treat as being equivalent to "being there" isn't the issue – the problem is the way the concept is perceived by those literal minded folks who are capable of taking Ken Ham and his ilk seriously. My impression is that, for them, unless you personally watched for a few* generations while archeopteryx evolved into a duck, then you weren't there.
I also think you, or your yokel, overstress probability. For example, there is a (very, very, very, ..., very miniscule) nonzero probability that the netto of momenta of air molecules kick a dropped object up in the air an observable amount. So the 'immutable' law that objects always fall to ground is inherently statistical too.
I'm not quite sure what your point is here. Most people don't know how to evaluate theories that are based on various kinds of statistical and inferential reasoning, and will accept any excuse for dismissing them if they don't like the conclusion – in general, this has always been true. My point was that the extent to which it has become less true is actively undermined by theories like ID, and that the type of discourse that actively undermines that kind of knowledge has become a more organised and more prevalent response to many types of science in recent years.

Though I have not read it, my impression is that Chris Mooney's book describes this phenomenon to the degree it explicitly involves the Republican party. Creationism has been a perennial weed, but AFAIK it's been quite a while since it has had anything like the traction it currently has. I would guess that the reason this is true has to do with the fact that attacking scientific theories using intellectually bankrupt tactics has become an epidemic. I expect that at least half, if not a good deal more, of the responsibility for this phenomenon (in the U.S. anyway) can probably be layed at the feet of ideologues among the Republicans who put their political (and financial) fortunes ahead of scientific truth.

I've called it a "war on inductive reason" as that struck me as a fairly good summary of the various attempts to undermine so much scientific methodology and sophisticated reasoning.

It is only fair that we in turn ask that yokel: "Were you there?"
That's what I always thought the appropriate answer was too...

* for large values of "few"...



#44048: — 10/15  at  11:09 AM
An interesting side note on the New York Times...

I'm working on a paper dealing indirectly with the US Red scare that took place in 1919 after the war and the Russian revolution. I've been digging into the NY Times archives for data, and their reporting sucked as much then as it does now. I've found an article from the spring of 1919 claiming that Germany was living in fear of the Russian Navy invading them.

As a bit of a history buff, this article earned a pretty good chuckle. I can't recall anyone ever being particularly scared of the Russian Navy - as a matter of fact, their Navy is pretty much best known for being sent by Nicholas II to circumnavigate the globe during the Russo-Japanese war. They arrived at Japan just in time to be completely destroyed by the Japanese and lose the war for the tsar.

The funny thing is how reminiscent all the Times coverage of Russia during the red scare is to their Judith Miller-inspired coverage of Saddam Hussein's Iraq and their "weapons of mass destruction"[sic]. I'm trying to figure out at this point whether the Times is really a newspaper, or more of a jingo-machine.

And the saddest part is that they're probably our best paper for coverage of foreign affairs.



#44052: — 10/15  at  11:52 AM
From no-more-mr.niceguy: "Lamest argument ever. If English evolved from German, why do some people still speak German?" Lamest example ever. Today's German and English have a common root. The "German" from which English and German developed is not spoken anymore. (This is not a defense of King's idiot point.)

BTW: It's the rhetoric against all faith, as if it necessarily is unreasonable, that really radicalizes could-be-wingnuts into wingnuts. So maybe a bit more subtlety about religious faith would help. There are religious traditions that don't do the things you're attacking, so why exaggerate? When you use a shotgun you hit people your weren't aiming at, and they're likely to turn against you, too.



#44053: — 10/15  at  12:32 PM
You are certianly right about the need for ridicule, regardless of what some may think. Their "victories" come from merely getting equal time with real experts, which is why Richard Dawkins has always refused to "debate" these idiots. As a long time member of CSICOP, I have already joined you. I urge all who have read this post and agree with it to join that organization and receive it's excellent magazine, Skeptical Inquirer. It's a voice of sanity.



#44090: — 10/15  at  06:59 PM
it's one of those things with half-naked young ladies draped over the cover, which, strangely enough, isn't something that usually entices me to pick up a copy

Just for the record, Esquire is not a lad mag. It's been around since the '20s and is kind of a how-to for the aspiring swell, with stuff about how to choose wine and recognize good tailoring. Kind of the granddaddy of Details.

I just happened to be watching a Fred & Ginger movie, and it starts out on Fred's wedding day, and one of his buddies plays a trick on him by opening up a copy of Esquire and penciling in some cuffs on the illustration of this season's tux. Fred flips out and sends his sidekick to the tailor to fix his uncuffed trousers, lest he suffer the shame of not being le dernier cri. He's so late to his wedding that his outraged fianceé calls it off, but at least he's avoided unfashionable-ness. Plus it's convenient, because she wasn't Ginger.

Which is a long-winded way of saying Esquire's a good mag.



Trackback: The Idiotization of America Tracked on: Shakespeare's Sister (72.9.234.70) at 2005 10 17 12:51:13
Bush is coldly calculating, not divinely inspired. And he and his team know that faith-based reasoning is a sham—a righteous delusion that puts a friendly mask on the ugly mug of authoritarianism.



Trackback: Journalism is Doomed Tracked on: Super Doomed Planet (205.196.210.22) at 2005 10 17 21:20:01
(Apologia: I finally finished this post late at night, with an encroaching headache. It’s probably half-baked and full of inane rambling, and I may revise it later. For now, I’m just glad I’ve finished something.) Last week, P. Z. My...



#44489: — 10/18  at  02:02 PM
From no-more-mr.niceguy: "Lamest argument ever. If English evolved from German, why do some people still speak German?" Lamest example ever. Today's German and English have a common root. The "German" from which English and German developed is not spoken anymore.


so what you're saying is that today's German and English have a common ancestor? Doesn't that make it a pretty good example for human/monkey evolution?



's avatar #45680: — 10/27  at  02:12 PM
plover uttered:

"Well, I suppose to be technical it would be necessary to say that earth's history is inferred. The bones and rocks are real and can be observed, and we invent a story to explain them."

Inference isn't used much in science. And we don't invent a (hi)story but a set of geological and paleantological theories, which are tested against observations. There is a huge difference between description by theory and description by history. The theory can be observed to work *now* too, so it was there *then* based on our observations of that era.

"I'm not quite sure what your point is here. Most people don't know how to evaluate theories that are based on various kinds of statistical and inferential reasoning,"

You seem to come from a school were statistics and inference is seen as what science do. From my own experience (ahem!) I can't see that it works that way. The description of science as observation, theory, validation/falsification and so on is apt - statistics and inference is perhaps minor tools but may not be necessary at all.

So there is no gap between a statistical description and an inferred "definitive result"; both are pretty weak and vague compared to the scientific method itself. That was the point I was trying to illustrate.



#45700: ekzept — 10/27  at  04:01 PM
Torbjörn Larsson opined:

You seem to come from a school were statistics and inference is seen as what science do. From my own experience (ahem!) I can't see that it works that way. The description of science as observation, theory, validation/falsification and so on is apt - statistics and inference is perhaps minor tools but may not be necessary at all.

(sorry about the poor formatting but the server, at least seen from here, is ignoring HTML tags)

that's interesting. there are also schools of science, dominated by statistics, who argue that statistics has supplanted any need for a philosophy of science. i'll leave the proponents unnamed, but will hint they're located somewhat south of Boston.



#46137: — 10/30  at  04:41 PM
You may find the article for free at:
http://www.fraughtwithperil.com/blogs/ryuei/archives/000690.html
I may be wasting my breath here, in fact I probably am, but keep the phrases ad hoc and authority fallacy in mind.



Page 3 of 4 pages « First  <  1 2 3 4 >

Next entry: Weblogging and tenure

Previous entry: Skeptics' Circle—now with genuine carnies!

<< Back to main

Info

email PZ Myers
Search
Archives
UMM—America's best public liberal arts college