Pharyngula

Pharyngula has moved to http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/

Monday, December 05, 2005

Narnia as an inoculation

When I was in fifth grade, I read C.S. Lewis's Narnia books. I had a teacher who raved about them and assigned The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe as class reading, and since I hated to leave anything unread, I also polished off the rest of the series.

I didn't like them.

I didn't get the religious allegory at all—it wasn't until I was in high school that someone mentioned it to me, and then suddenly all was clear—but it was the peculiar stuffed-shirt elitism that put me off, what with all these odd characters that were treated with hushed and unquestioning reverence by a bunch of annoying prigs. Lacking the religious connection, too, the story made little sense; a lion tortured and dying and coming back to life? What the heck? It simply wasn't a very good story.

Now we have this new Disney movie of the books coming out. I'll probably see it; I'm sure the religious in my little town will be demanding that our theater show it, and I'm pretty religious about seeing every movie shown there (small town theaters are a treasure, and I just like the ambience, even if the movie stinks). Neil Saunders passed along this Guardian review, 'Narnia represents everything that is most hateful about religion', and now I may also have to see it just because it'll feed my distaste.

There's at least one bit of Britain I envy.

Disney may come to regret this alliance with Christians, at least on this side of the Atlantic. For all the enthusiasm of the churches, Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ bombed in Britain and warehouses are stuffed with unsold DVDs of that stomach-churner. There are too few practising Christians in the empty pews of this most secular nation to pack cinemas. So there has been a queasy ambivalence about how to sell the Narnia film here. Its director, Andrew Adamson (of Shrek fame), says the movie's Christian themes are "open to the audience to interpret". One soundtrack album of the film has been released with religious music, the other with secular pop.

I think The Passion of the Christ did very well here in Morris—it was held over for weeks, to my annoyance. Since we only have one theater with one screen, it meant better movies were displaced for far too long.

Oh, but this review goes on in a way I find positively heartwarming. Here's a sample:

Over the years, others have had uneasy doubts about the Narnian brand of Christianity. Christ should surely be no lion (let alone with the orotund voice of Liam Neeson). He was the lamb, representing the meek of the earth, weak, poor and refusing to fight. Philip Pullman - he of the marvellously secular trilogy His Dark Materials - has called Narnia "one of the most ugly, poisonous things I have ever read".

Why? Because here in Narnia is the perfect Republican, muscular Christianity for America - that warped, distorted neo-fascist strain that thinks might is proof of right. I once heard the famous preacher Norman Vincent Peel in New York expound a sermon that reassured his wealthy congregation that they were made rich by God because they deserved it. The godly will reap earthly reward because God is on the side of the strong. This appears to be CS Lewis's view, too. In the battle at the end of the film, visually a great epic treat, the child crusaders are crowned kings and queens for no particular reason. Intellectually, the poor do not inherit Lewis's earth.

Even though I read the books while I was still a little regular church-goer, maybe the reason I never caught on to the religious symbolism was that it was the gilded version of Christianity—the Christianity of the self-satisfied, the wealthy, the grasping; the kind of Christianity that sequesters itself in crystal cathedrals and is represented by televangelists who demand that the poor sacrifice more and more and more to their ministries. I couldn't identify with that.

I could easily discard such a Supreme Overlord of Self-Righteousness, though. I do remember feeling this in a vague way that I could not express:

Children are supposed to fall in love with the hypnotic Aslan, though he is not a character: he is pure, raw, awesome power. He is an emblem for everything an atheist objects to in religion. His divine presence is a way to avoid humans taking responsibility for everything here and now on earth, where no one is watching, no one is guiding, no one is judging and there is no other place yet to come. Without an Aslan, there is no one here but ourselves to suffer for our sins, no one to redeem us but ourselves: we are obliged to settle our own disputes and do what we can. We need no holy guide books, only a very human moral compass. Everyone needs ghosts, spirits, marvels and poetic imaginings, but we can do well without an Aslan.

Now I wonder if the Chronicles of Narnia was an early seed that contributed to my later abandonment of all matters religious. The review mentions that Lewis wanted the books to "make it easier for children to accept Christianity when they met it later in life", yet all they instilled in me was a mild distaste that made it easier to reject Christianity. Maybe the new Narnia movie will also help some of today's children cast off the shackles of sanctimonious superstition.

More likely, though, they'll just see it and say, "eh," as I did after reading those tedious books.


Trackback url: http://pharyngula.org/index/trackback/3500/NjKGr58P/

Comments:
#52069: Kristine Harley — 12/05  at  09:54 AM
What an irony it is that at work I'm dealing with the history of the later ancient Roman period, what with the Colliseum and the gut-wrenching "passion" that went on there (I love the Greek and Egyptians, but I abhor the Romans), and then seeing all these programs about Rome on the History channel about how the Romans loved violence, and then to think about Mel Gibson's "The Passion." Our "Christian" nation practices virtual human sacrifice every day with our crap movies and video games, and Gibson took that to its logical conclusion with his guilt-trip "don't-it-make-ya-wanna-pray" porno film. Once persecuted by the Romans, the Christians are the new Romans today. Little ten-year-olds were dropped off by SUVs in my neighborhood to flyer each house for that yucky film, which they themsleves could not see! Whenever anyone asks me if I saw "The Passion," I reply: "Nope--I read the book."

I never had to read any of the Chronicles of Narnia books, fortunately.



#52070: — 12/05  at  09:54 AM
Well I have fond memories of the "Lion, Witch, and the Wardrobe" because it was the first novel I ever finished myself as a kid. At the time, being very young, I knew almost nothing about Christian theology so I didn't see any of the Christian themes at all. It seemed like a pretty good story overall and I picked up the rest of the series - which was very "hit-or-miss". I remember liking most of "The Silver Chair" and "Voyage of the Dawn Treader". Other than that I found the other ones pretty boring so I never finished most of them.

I can thank CS Lewis, however, for helping to pave the way to reading "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings".
I doubt I'll see the movie though, I'm just not very interested.



#52072: — 12/05  at  10:08 AM
I remember enjoying some of the books as a child, particularly the Dawn Treader. But really, I always had somewhat of a soft spot for the series as I grew up because the fundies in my town were so vocally against the series: magic, witchcraft and devil-worship!

The irony was delicious.



's avatar #52073: PZ Myers — 12/05  at  10:08 AM
The Earthsea books are terrific...except for Tehanu. She should really have left well enough alone, and not returned to it with that dreary, preachy bore of a book.

As for the SciFi Channel abomination: I hated it before I saw it. Hated it even more afterwards.

As long as we're talking fantasy series, I'll mention George R.R. Martin's Song of Ice and Fire. Good, well-written, but self-indulgently overlong. What is it with fantasy writers and this tendency to bloat their stories into epics?

PZ Myers
Division of Science and Math
University of Minnesota, Morris



#52076: — 12/05  at  10:10 AM
Can't say I felt strongly either way about The Lion... when I read it, but I did enjoy The Young Ones piss-take of it when Vivian hides in a cupboard.

As for Lewis in general, The Discarded Image is a wonderful introductory insight into the mediaeval mindset and essential reading for any English student.



#52078: Keith Douglas — 12/05  at  10:26 AM
I was given all 7 Narnia books as a child. Since I was not raised Christian, it wasn't obvious to me at first what the symbolism was about. (I did get it later) I also made the mistake of reading them in the "chronological" order, rather than the order of them being written, which it seems how most people read them. I didn't find them nearly as good as Tolkien's stuff, though part of that was trying to get my head around the "magical realism" aspect of The Magician's Nephew. Funny how I have no problem with ridiculous technology in the "real world" but have always tripped on "real world" magic. (Is this a refutation of A. C. Clarke's dictum? smile)

In retrospect, actually, there is one aspect of the series I do like for some reason, that there is more to the "universe" than "here" and "there". The "wood between the worlds" and all that in TMN is actually kind of nifty. Whatever happened to that guinea pig?



#52079: Steve72 — 12/05  at  10:27 AM
Counterpoint Here



#52080: — 12/05  at  10:28 AM
re #52058--
Lewis became a religious seeker at some point, and he and Tolkien spent a great deal of time together, with Tolkien trying to persuade Lewis towards Catholicism. He was deeply disappointed when Lewis decided to become Anglican. That was probably the foundation of the rift.

As for Narnia, I quite liked those books when I was about 10. I didn't get the religious references, although I was a churchgoer at the time. There are bits and pieces I still remember quite fondly, especially "Voyage of the Dawn Treader," and the bit where one of the honest and decent Southerners is told by Aslan that whenever he did something decent in service of Tash, he was actually serving him instead; and evil done in the name of Aslan is actually done in the service of Tash. Righteousness, that is, is in deeds, not words. That seems like the kind of thing certain soi-disant Christians in this country could stand to be reminded of.



#52081: Redshift — 12/05  at  10:31 AM
I read Narnia several times growing up, and enjoyed most of them greatly (The Magician's Nephew was my favorite.) I was a big fan of British children's fantasy in general (which is why I find is so annoying that there are "Americanized" versions of the Harry Potter books, as if kids aren't smart enough to handle a few minor British terms.) They certainly didn't instill an acceptance of Christianity; I was raised in a nonreligious household, and while I've since had more exposure to churchgoing friends, it's never had much appeal.

Anyway, I enjoyed them all except the last one, which is just awful (and probably not coincidentally, the heaviest Christian allegory other than the sacrifice-and-rebirth element in the first.) I expect I'd find them a bit thin if I re-read them now, but probably no more so than a lot of stuff I read at that age.



#52082: — 12/05  at  10:35 AM
I had already been told about the Christian allegory when I read the Narnia books, so I can't be sure I would have figured it out on my own. I later read the overtly religious space trilogy and the Screwtape Letters. I think I had read all this by the time I was 13 or so, but I don't fully recall. I was raised Catholic, so there was nothing particular loathsome to me about the idea of reading religious allegory. Lewis was a close colleague of Tolkien and I was interested in finding as much reading material as possible. I read them and must have got something out of it, but back then my reading was motivated by more of the challenge of getting through something than any judgment about whether the story was especially engaging.

My main observation at the time was that Lewis's fantasy looks very sloppy compared to Tolkien's, but I think just about everyone else's does too. Tolkien is kind of an exceptional case among writers for fanatically building up a world bottom up.

If you really want to see Lewis's vision in synch with the most fanatical Christian rightwingers, you should skip to the third part of the space trilogy, That Hideous Strength. I recall that as a major slog to get through at age 13 (at the time I liked the 2nd part Perelandra). It's been years, and I doubt I understood more than a third of what he was getting at, but I remember it as a genuinely paranoid take on the "secular humanist conspiracy", probably inspired by fears of communism and western liberalism.

I haven't read any of these recently enough to know what to expect from a film adaptation. Disney isn't going to give you a post-Enlightenment worldview regardless. Power is all about bloodlines and predestination (e.g. Lion King or Snow White). I wouldn't worry about Narnia too much, and if it's turned into the equivalent of going to church, that will just discourage part of the audience. It'll be interesting to see how it all pans out. I don't get a lot of chances to see new movies anyway, and I'll wait for the DVD.



#52083: coturnix — 12/05  at  10:38 AM
Have not heard of Narnia until fairly recently - I guess they did not translate it into Serbian...

<i>Duncton Wood</a> is a book I have read as a child and liked a lot and, only decades later, realized it had a strong Christian theme. I hear that other books by the same author (Horwood?) are much more obviously Christian.

Earthsea is a TRILOGY! Remember that and you will do yourself a great favor. This means: three books. Not four. Three. And those three are some of the best fantasy ever written (and, I argue, the model/template for Harry Potter, although everyone thinks Rowlings was copying Tolkien and Lewis).



#52084: Bryson Brown — 12/05  at  10:41 AM
I liked the Guardian writer's take. But I have to confess I did like some of the Narnia books, LW&W included. I think Lewis does a brilliant job of conveying for what the Christian mythos is supposed to provide its believers: a magical reassurance that everything will be alright.

On the other hand, he also comes off as a school-boy prig: The kid who will self-righteously turn anyone in for any infraction of the rules, who always sides with the headmaster no matter how tyrannical or abusive, who's response to power misused is always to repeat the mantra "Well, he's right you know."

It's like the eager love of established authority that I see in Alito's record, as his uglier opinions come to light: He seems to fear that any restraint on authority will lead to chaos, and he's always ready to suck up to tyrany with slippery words and dubious rationalizations.

Later in the Narnia series one of the sisters (Susan?) loses her faith. She doesn't make it to heaven, as Lewis makes very explicit in the last book. Anyone who finds that acceptable (let alone the 'eternity in conscious torment' stuff) will back torture in the secular world too. These guys are a bad bunch, no doubt about it.



#52089: — 12/05  at  11:02 AM
I certainly can't recommend Pullman. Although his trilogy does include some remarkably powerful conceits, the writing quickly degenerates around the middle of the second book into a kind of clumsy, pseudo-Blakean screed against religion that sounds like a New Age medium channeling an O'Hair diatribe. It's still better than, say, the "Left Behind" series, but that's a low bar to set.

Pace NPR's take on the series (noted by sceptre1067 above), I can't believe that Lewis didn't deliberately write a Christian allegory in "Narnia," though I do doubt Lewis would have considered the trilogy a conversion tool as such. The metaphors in LWW are too carefully constructed, often to the detriment of the pacing and plot, to not be deliberate. (The way Lewis contorts his plot to keep talking animals in a story about anthropocentric salvation is a cautionary tale about trying to shoehorn opposite conceits into a single story.)

But quite beyond the literary demerits of LWW, I also find the theology objectionable. Alsan is a pretty miserable Christ figure; remote, alien, and the personification of power, he's the exact opposite of the person who cried comfort for the poor and mourning in the Beatitudes -- though I suppose he's the kind of angry warrior figure Ted Haggard evangelicals like to worship. Plus Lewis had a beastly attitude towards women, at least at that stage in his life.

All in all, I'd have preferred that the effort spent marketing LWW to and by churches be spent on a more worthy cause, like the documentary on Bonhoeffer that was released a few years back. But Bonhoeffer was a real man facing real moral crises, and such complexities seem out of place in the cartoon churches of today.



#52091: Stephen Frug — 12/05  at  11:14 AM
I find it fascinating that so many people list "Voyage of the Dawn Treader" as their favorite of the books. It was mine, too, but I hadn't realized it was a common opinion.

For those interested in Susan's being denied her place in Narnia heaven, I recommend Neil Gaiman's recent story "The Problem of Susan" (it can be found in David Hartwell & Kathryn Cramer's Year's Best Fantasy 5). It's a great story, though I don't think it'd mean a thing to anyone who hasn't read the Narnia books.



#52093: — 12/05  at  11:15 AM
Growing up in an agnostic household, I read the "Narnia" books when I was a little kid (seven or eight, maybe). The Christian allegory went right over my head, so I was wholly baffled by the absence of Susan in the last book. At the time, I loved them, especially the first four. I'm not sure how well they'd stand up if I went back to re-read them; not very well is my guess. Of course, most fantasy leaves me cold these days, even Lord of the Rings.

I mean come on. How long should it take to tell the story "Wingus and Dingus Visit the Volcano?" Not that long, that's how long.



#52098: LeoPetr — 12/05  at  11:33 AM
That's not the review. This is the review. It gives 5 out 5. That's a special report (opinion column) in the Religion section.



#52099: — 12/05  at  11:35 AM
Here's a somewhat different attempt at "religious innoculation":

Erotic moments from Bible..

(Reuters) - A German Protestant youth group has put together a 2006 calendar with 12 staged photos depicting erotic scenes from the Bible, including a bare-breasted Delilah cutting Samson's hair and a nude Eve offering an apple.
...



#52100: Alexis — 12/05  at  11:35 AM
Over the years, I've read the books, seen all the movie versions in their various incarnations, and listened to the BBC booktapes. My favorite medium? The booktapes, hands down, because the voices are so well done. But I haven't read The Last Battle since I was small, nor listened to it since I first received the tapes. It's simply too much, the allegory stretched too thin, and the message so self-hating and negative that I ended up feeling horribly sorry for C.S. Lewis the first time I read it and have never quite recovered. Admittedly, I've always frankly ignored the Christian allegory in favor of the fun details, choosing magic over message. The "old boys' oxodian network" evidenced in the sexism is almost endearingly funny - you can tell Lewis had not even the slightest ideas of "what women were like", and created stiff caricatures based on stereotypes. And so the boys got all the moral depth and complexity while the women got magic cordials or demonic snakeskin flesh.

The His Dark Materials series fell apart for me somewhere in the third book - I'm not much of a Milton fan, I suppose. While overly simplistic in their "good vs. evil" message, I've always rather enjoyed the Diane Duane "So You Want to be a Wizard" series - it was a good way to feed the hope of magic in everyday life, as well as a more egalitarian approach to personal empowerment and social responsibility.

I'm not sure how I feel about the Narnia movie. I worry every time there's a story I love told in film, because it will forever alter my perception of the narrative, often tragically. Especially when Disney gets involved. Sigh.



#52101: — 12/05  at  11:38 AM
By the way the Guardian's actual film review, by Peter Bradshaw, gave the film 5/5 stars. This was a feature by regular columnist Polly Toynbee.



#52102: Jedidiah Palosaari — 12/05  at  11:41 AM
It seems Saunders was reading a different book. The whole point of the allegory (not an analogy- as Lewis pointed out many times, and being a literature professor he knew the difference- it's not a point to point correlation, but rather a general revealing of deeper thought) is that the lamb and the lion are the same. That Aslan doesn't win the day through might, but through death. Sorry if I'm giving it away for anyone, but it's pretty well known how the storyline goes. He willingly dies. Without killing someone. But Lewis was also making the point that he's not just a meek and mild lamb, as some would have; nor just a powerful lion. He's both- and always not a tame lion- not one we can control. George Bush certainly does have it wrong, in his desire to fight with might and power- for in his worldview, he thinks he can control God. God/Aslan can not be controlled, and is not under the thumb of one man.

And while Christians are certainly called to a path without violence, I think again, this is allegory- Lewis played with the story to make it an exciting fantasy. The Jesus story has a lot less fighting and display and no killing of the witch. But there is a whole lot more death to self and searching for peace and mercy in Narnia than there ever was in Tolkein- much as I love the latter as well. And much as Lewis and Tolkein loved each other.



#52103: — 12/05  at  11:41 AM
"Are some atheists so afraid, so worried about the power of OUR arguments, that they attack a simplistic book with a religious theme?"


Who's "our"? You start off the post claiming to be an atheist.

Rookie mistake. You get an "F" in Trolling 101.



#52106: — 12/05  at  11:51 AM
Earthsea is a TRILOGY! Remember that and you will do yourself a great favor. This means: three books. Not four. Three.

Bad news: five, now. All I can say about The Other Wind is that it's not quite as tedious as Tehanu.



#52107: — 12/05  at  11:54 AM
Someone mentioned Lewis and Tolkien not talking after a certain point. The main reason was that Lewis was virulently anti-catholic after his conversion. Irish catholics weren't a popular bunch in England at the time and Lewis was apparently fairly liberal with putting Tolkien down.

For folks who are interested in readin the triumvirate go to Charles Williams. A total crackpot who was in with Tolkien and Lewis.

Also, if you're in to this age group Susan Cooper smokes both Pullman and Lewis. She's a better writer and her books are more interesting. She's probably on par with LeGuin's first Earthsea books.



#52108: — 12/05  at  11:57 AM
I read the Narnia books as a teenager, and also found them to be at best a let-down. The Christian allegories were more than obvious to me in a few places, including the creation and Aslan's excecution, but for the most part they seemed just mediocre fantasy.

Tolkien could invent very beautiful and fascinating places. The Lord of the Rings seemed to me less than interesting as an epic, than as a series of vignettes that were interesting on their own. Lewis, on the other hand, neither weaves a good epic, nor are his places or events of much interest, at least to teenagers and above (IMO).

I suppose the stuffy elitism was part of it, plus the effected "cuteness". I expect the failure of imagination had more to do with its inability to convince, however. Maybe it's okay for kids, I don't know, but even for children it can hardly compare with the Hobbit (which mostly was a good story, unlike the Rings epic).

Lewis is overly Platonic and overly literal (not a Bible literalist, no, more an academic one). He lacks the subtlety needed for good writing, even his "philosophical writings". This is probably because he is relying upon his "Platonic certainties" to order his thoughts, his life, and really has not developed the fluid mind which should be the writer's trademark. Like ID, though, it sells rather more than does a lot of better writings.



#52109: — 12/05  at  12:00 PM
I loved the Narnia books as a child too, and by the time I heard much later that they were supposed to be religious, it was too late. The fantasy was so well done that I saw Aslan/God as a fantasy figure, no more real than the rest of the imaginary creatures in the books. A witch makes it always winter? Fine. Aslan comes back from the dead? Okay, sure. Whatever. I doubt that's what CS Lewis intended, but it put any religious message he might have had completely into the realm of fantasy for me.



Page 2 of 6 pages  <  1 2 3 4 >  Last »

Next entry: An item for the Xmas list

Previous entry: More fraud from the DI

<< Back to main

Info

email PZ Myers
Search
Archives
UMM—America's best public liberal arts college