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Monday, December 05, 2005

Narnia as an inoculation

When I was in fifth grade, I read C.S. Lewis's Narnia books. I had a teacher who raved about them and assigned The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe as class reading, and since I hated to leave anything unread, I also polished off the rest of the series.

I didn't like them.

I didn't get the religious allegory at all—it wasn't until I was in high school that someone mentioned it to me, and then suddenly all was clear—but it was the peculiar stuffed-shirt elitism that put me off, what with all these odd characters that were treated with hushed and unquestioning reverence by a bunch of annoying prigs. Lacking the religious connection, too, the story made little sense; a lion tortured and dying and coming back to life? What the heck? It simply wasn't a very good story.

Now we have this new Disney movie of the books coming out. I'll probably see it; I'm sure the religious in my little town will be demanding that our theater show it, and I'm pretty religious about seeing every movie shown there (small town theaters are a treasure, and I just like the ambience, even if the movie stinks). Neil Saunders passed along this Guardian review, 'Narnia represents everything that is most hateful about religion', and now I may also have to see it just because it'll feed my distaste.

There's at least one bit of Britain I envy.

Disney may come to regret this alliance with Christians, at least on this side of the Atlantic. For all the enthusiasm of the churches, Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ bombed in Britain and warehouses are stuffed with unsold DVDs of that stomach-churner. There are too few practising Christians in the empty pews of this most secular nation to pack cinemas. So there has been a queasy ambivalence about how to sell the Narnia film here. Its director, Andrew Adamson (of Shrek fame), says the movie's Christian themes are "open to the audience to interpret". One soundtrack album of the film has been released with religious music, the other with secular pop.

I think The Passion of the Christ did very well here in Morris—it was held over for weeks, to my annoyance. Since we only have one theater with one screen, it meant better movies were displaced for far too long.

Oh, but this review goes on in a way I find positively heartwarming. Here's a sample:

Over the years, others have had uneasy doubts about the Narnian brand of Christianity. Christ should surely be no lion (let alone with the orotund voice of Liam Neeson). He was the lamb, representing the meek of the earth, weak, poor and refusing to fight. Philip Pullman - he of the marvellously secular trilogy His Dark Materials - has called Narnia "one of the most ugly, poisonous things I have ever read".

Why? Because here in Narnia is the perfect Republican, muscular Christianity for America - that warped, distorted neo-fascist strain that thinks might is proof of right. I once heard the famous preacher Norman Vincent Peel in New York expound a sermon that reassured his wealthy congregation that they were made rich by God because they deserved it. The godly will reap earthly reward because God is on the side of the strong. This appears to be CS Lewis's view, too. In the battle at the end of the film, visually a great epic treat, the child crusaders are crowned kings and queens for no particular reason. Intellectually, the poor do not inherit Lewis's earth.

Even though I read the books while I was still a little regular church-goer, maybe the reason I never caught on to the religious symbolism was that it was the gilded version of Christianity—the Christianity of the self-satisfied, the wealthy, the grasping; the kind of Christianity that sequesters itself in crystal cathedrals and is represented by televangelists who demand that the poor sacrifice more and more and more to their ministries. I couldn't identify with that.

I could easily discard such a Supreme Overlord of Self-Righteousness, though. I do remember feeling this in a vague way that I could not express:

Children are supposed to fall in love with the hypnotic Aslan, though he is not a character: he is pure, raw, awesome power. He is an emblem for everything an atheist objects to in religion. His divine presence is a way to avoid humans taking responsibility for everything here and now on earth, where no one is watching, no one is guiding, no one is judging and there is no other place yet to come. Without an Aslan, there is no one here but ourselves to suffer for our sins, no one to redeem us but ourselves: we are obliged to settle our own disputes and do what we can. We need no holy guide books, only a very human moral compass. Everyone needs ghosts, spirits, marvels and poetic imaginings, but we can do well without an Aslan.

Now I wonder if the Chronicles of Narnia was an early seed that contributed to my later abandonment of all matters religious. The review mentions that Lewis wanted the books to "make it easier for children to accept Christianity when they met it later in life", yet all they instilled in me was a mild distaste that made it easier to reject Christianity. Maybe the new Narnia movie will also help some of today's children cast off the shackles of sanctimonious superstition.

More likely, though, they'll just see it and say, "eh," as I did after reading those tedious books.


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Comments:
#52112: — 12/05  at  12:12 PM
I got a boxed set of Narnia books when I was about seven or eight, and read them all within a year. And ... I liked them a lot. Most of them. As other people have pointed out, some were far better than others. My copy of Voyage of the Dawntreader (my favourite too, by far) is falling apart now, because I've read it so many times. I can honestly say that I didn't notice the overt Christianity in them until I read the last one, but the only message I took from it was from the scene where the Calormene soldier, who has worshipped Tash (aka Satan) all his life, meets Aslan and realizes he has been worshipping the wrong god, and is terrified. But Aslan isn't pissed. Aslan basically tells the soldier that, even though he participated in the wrong rituals and said the wrong names when he was praying, he was seeking goodness and therefore was really worshipping the true god. It struck me as a pretty nice argument for religious pluralism.

I think I just ignored the parts that didn't sit well with my own beliefs. Now that I've officially given up religion, I get a little bit more squirmy, but still the one thing that bothers me the most is the part in the Silver Chair where they make a burn dressing for Puddleglum's foot out of butter and salad oil. Don't they know that'll just make it worse?!



#52114: Jedidiah Palosaari — 12/05  at  12:13 PM
I'm seeing a number of inaccuracies in the postings above. Which kind of bothers me. I am a Christian, and also an evolutionist- to lay the cards on the table.

One, Tolkien became a Christian <u>through<u> Lewis. And they were really good friends after that. But there's a more disturbing inaccuracy I'm seeing above.

Lewis didn't have a problem with communism and western liberalism. He had a problem with philosophical materialism. And he knew how to make the distinction- much to the chagrin of countless later generations of fundamentalists. But more to the point, he had no problem with evolution. (Not that he was that interested in the whole subject of evolution in general- but his reasoning does dwell on those paths on occassion.) He didn't see Genesis as literal- he read it as an allegory as well. He claimed to know what he was talking about because he was a professor of literature and he knew how to recognize it when he saw it. He came out so strongly on this that literal creationists have had to come up with arguements to explain away Lewis' writings, much as they do with Gould and others, twisting their words- "Yes, this is what it sounds like he said, but what he really said was..." If we attack him too much, we end up losing a warrior on <u>our<u> side of the fight! I think as many people as possible should go see this movie. Fall in love with Narnia. Start reading Lewis. Start seeing how he argued that Christian theology supports evolution!



#52116: — 12/05  at  12:16 PM
Tolkien's Middle Earth was a far more carefully constructed, and detailed fantasy world than Narnia. This can be seen by how much Tolkien has been copied and borrowed from by other fantasy authors. The Narnia series are good childrens books but if I read them again I'm sure I wouldn't enjoy them. Hell, I didn't like most of the series even as a kid.



#52117: — 12/05  at  12:21 PM
I don't remember anything about this "Tash" fellow at all from the books.



#52118: — 12/05  at  12:27 PM
I liked Lewis and Tolkien well enough when I was young, but I vastly preferred Madeline L'Engle. I reread A Wind In the Door recently and found it just delightful. (Mitochondria! Cherubim! Squee!) Her Christian overtones are much easier to take, from my (atheist) perspective at least.

A Wrinkle in Time was my favorite book for a very long time.



#52119: aa — 12/05  at  12:30 PM
First, "Tash" was the god of Calormen, he/it appears in "The Last Battle" near the end. Wings, head of a vulture, walks upright, that sort of thing (been years since I've read the books so you might want to fact check that one).

Second, Jedidiah Palosaari's: If memory serves Lewis also subscribed to the "Liar, Lunatic or Lord" argument. It's how he was coverted from Atheism to believer. The god of the bible is either a Liar, Lunatic or Lord - he went for the Lord option (I'd choose one of the others).



#52120: Alon Levy — 12/05  at  12:30 PM
Actually, I think LOTR is pretty bad, too. First, it's not that well-written; even the first two books, which I liked at first, I found too loaded with archaisms to my taste. If you can't make a book work without writing in a way people might actually be speaking, you shouldn't be in the writing business. Second, especially in the third book, the feudalism is nauseating: Aragorn has a natural right to rule because his grand-grand-grand-...-grandfather was king, all orcs are irredeemably evil, learning about evil will make you join it, you must fight even when the odds are overwhelmingly against you because help will come right at the last moment, and so on.

I'm not going to bother with Narnia, especially if it's like LOTR, only worse.



#52122: ekzept — 12/05  at  12:40 PM
from the Guardian, quoted by PZ above:
Disney may come to regret this alliance with Christians, at least on this side of the Atlantic.
from PaulC
Disney isn't going to give you a post-Enlightenment worldview regardless.
and from Kate
... I'd had no idea it was made by Disney. Ick.
well, my opposition to seeing LWW is not about the book or the film, as i wrote. it's about the kind of business Disney should or shouldn't be doing. m'wife and i have a relationship with Disney, so we care. i very much think they could do a better business and a service if they went back to the kind of pro-adventure and science presentations Disney himself had in venues like The Wonderful World of Disney, even if their biology was heavily censored.

those shows, Sputnik, and my Dad all are what convinced me science and engineering were the place to be. Disney seems to try to make a buck out of the trend and medium of the day. i guess i see their approach and attitude as a symptom and indicator of United States culture less than it is a determiner of it.

but enough, this is supposed to be about Narnia. discussions about Disney can be had here and here.



's avatar #52123: — 12/05  at  12:44 PM
On the subject of more modern fantasies, I just finished re-reading today Neil Gaiman's American Gods. I wish I was enough of a critic to say something smart about it, but all I can say is that I enjoyed it immensely.

In the story the new gods of America (Media, the Men in Black, the Internet, etc) and the old, imported gods (the ones that came over with the Egyptians, the Vikings, the Basques, and later immigrants) are getting ready to fight for the soul of America.

Strangely enough, there's no Christianity in the book at all, although there is a kind of Norse crucifixion scene. Having been brought up atheistically, I can't tell if maybe the Norse imagery is standing in for Christianity somehow.



#52124: Mrs Tilton — 12/05  at  12:49 PM
Someone mentioned Lewis and Tolkien not talking after a certain point. The main reason was that Lewis was virulently anti-catholic after his conversion. Irish catholics weren't a popular bunch in England at the time and Lewis was apparently fairly liberal with putting Tolkien down.

That strikes me as bizarre in the extreme, and quite at odds with what Lewis himself has written. (I don't know whether Tolkien ever wrote anything about his relationship with Lewis.)

Whether or not Irish catholics would have been popular in England at the time is irrelevant. For Lewis was not English; he was an Irishman.

Now it's true that Irish protestants, especially those from Ulster as Lewis was, sometimes find their RC countrymen even less congenial than Gideon S. tells us the English of that time did. However, Lewis was far from a typical northern orangeman. His father's family had come from Wales and had little connection to traditional 'orange' culture. His mother's family were southern Irish protestants (rather grand ones) who were, unusually, sympathetic to home rule (i.e., they sided with the mostly RC nationalists against the mostly protestant unionists).

Far from ending his friendship with Tolkien, Lewis's conversion (or, really, reversion) to Christianity deepened it. Though they were of differing camps (and it's safe to think Tolkien would have been happier had Lewis become a catholic), it was in large measure Tolkien's influence that led to that conversion. Lewis later wrote affectionately that people in Belfast had always warned him never to trust papists, and his fellow literary historians had always warned him never to trust philologists (we'd call them linguists today, I think), and yet there he was, finding that one of his closest friends was both.

If there was a rift between the two later, I suspect its cause would have been the one I saw suggested somewhere else today: late in his life, Lewis fell in love with and later married an American divorcée. (Remarriage after divorce would have been a big no-no to a diehard old-school RC like Tolkien.) Tolkien's would seem to be the minority view on the matter. By all accounts Lewis's marriage (which, sadly, was brief, his wife dying of cancer not long afterwards) humanised the man greatly.



#52125: Jedidiah Palosaari — 12/05  at  12:53 PM
aa- I agree. Though I think he was using that argument more specifically to refer to Jesus. (Who is of course in Lewis' (and my) thinking the same as the God of the Bible.) And I think he was the first to come up with that argument. Which is diferent in it being repeated so often since then. He was sharing his own personal experience and how he thought through things.



#52127: ekzept — 12/05  at  01:08 PM
Having been brought up atheistically, I can't tell if maybe the Norse imagery is standing in for Christianity somehow.
yeah, it's interesting how folks who don't come from a Christian background don't get some of the many references to specifically Christian stories or images in media art. i was raised Catholic, but married Jewish women (divorced once) and converted (to Judaism) in-between. sometimes things we saw went right passed them, leaving me to explain.

i know some students take comparative religion courses because, although Christian, they don't get their grandparents Buddhist or Hindu or Taoist world views and want to.

then again, until recently United States public education omitted much about the rest of the world. Disney's storyline in Spaceship Earth at Epcot (another link) continues the myth of the Dark Ages, skipping the flourishing Islamic and other cultures to the south and east. it was originally devised by AT&T but was recently adopted by Siemens who doesn't want to change it much.



#52136: Kagehi — 12/05  at  01:17 PM
I read the first book, as a school assignment. While I at the time didn't quite get some of the allegory in it, something just seemed... wrong about it. Though, I admit that the Change Winds series from Jack L. Chalker, or worse Her Majesty's Wizard by Christopher Stasheff (which is too bad, since, other than some of the odd communist/anarchist stuff in his Warlock series, I think I could get along with those people pretty well.) are probably far more offensive to me now. Not sexist, but so drenched in predestination that every supposed choice made is effectively a lie and nothing you can do will ever truely change the course of your life. Things like ousting one dictator will warp you into something as bad or worse, since your not the *true heir*, for example, in the Her Majesty's Wizard one. Made me want to kick the Angel Michael's ass when he shows up and started babbling that in the second book. lol

I mean how dare you tell someone what they *must* become, just because I am not some inbred blue blood, instead of someone simply trying to do the right thing? The concept just flat out stinks. Not to mention that if this is their idea of a perfect universe, or worse, some insane version of how they think our own actually works, then they need to explain why in this one all the 'true' heirs are usually the ones that become corrupted and start useless wars throughout history... What? No explaination? Didn't think so. lol I am somewhat amazed really how Stasheff can write simultaniously moderate and reasonable sane Christian fantasy *and* blatantely stupid fundimentalist insanity. In some ways its a bit creepy.

In any case. Narnia would probably now offend me less than it did when I didn't understand why I distrusted its message. Though, the whole Susan thing I wasn't aware of until now, having only read the first one.... Something just felt "wrong" about it, even back then, when I had some vague belief in Christianity.

Any priest or shaman must be presumed guilty until proved innocent - Robert A. Heinlein



#52139: ekzept — 12/05  at  01:20 PM
... Lewis fell in love with and later married an American divorcée. (Remarriage after divorce would have been a big no-no to a diehard old-school RC like Tolkien.) Tolkien's would seem to be the minority view on the matter.
possibly, but Tolkien also felt, according to some of his other writings, especially his personal letters, that relationships between men and women needed to be highly stylized and not particularly important. i think the idea of overturning a commitment "merely" for marriage would have been repugnant to him.

recall Tolkien's statement that The Devil is endlessly ingenious and sex is his favorite subject. he also wrote that men and women could never be friends.

taken in context, these are more statements about Tolkien than anything else. he saw his internal world fractured, hopelessly beyond repair, possibly because of his experiences during the Great War. i think a lot of the tremendous energy with which he pursued the construction of Middle Earth and his beloved languages was redirected sexual energy.

in any case, the repression of sexual references in Tolkien's books wasn't faithful at all to the real origins of England, even of Christian England. it was and is a habit Christianity emphasized after the Reformation, IMO.



#52144: — 12/05  at  01:29 PM
Alon, I was most entertained to find you saying that you like the first 2 books. Their usually the ones people run past as fast as possible because they're a bit slow and boring. Then once the party gets split up the real action starts. I once read that Tolkein had wanted to do the entire story at the speed of the first book, i.e. pretty slowly, but fortunately sense prevailed.

What do you mean if you cant make a book work the way people might actually be speaking? That misses the entire point of LOTR, which is to remake myth. In many of the old mythological tales I have read, albeit usually in translation, they never speak normally.
But anyway, I see where your coming from.



#52145: Joseph ODonnell — 12/05  at  01:30 PM
well, my opposition to seeing LWW is not about the book or the film, as i wrote. it's about the kind of business Disney should or shouldn't be doing. m'wife and i have a relationship with Disney, so we care. i very much think they could do a better business and a service if they went back to the kind of pro-adventure and science presentations Disney himself had in venues like The Wonderful World of Disney, even if their biology was heavily censored.


Like deliberately setting up a made up scenario where lemmings were made to look like they ran off cliffs en masse to commit suicide? :D



#52147: Lya Kahlo — 12/05  at  01:38 PM
“One, Tolkien became a Christian <u>through<u> Lewis. And they were really good fiends after that.”

Where on earth did you get that from?

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien#Childhood

“His mother converted to Roman Catholicism in 1900, despite vehement protests by her Baptist family. She died of diabetes in 1904, when Tolkien was twelve, at Fern Cottage, Rednal, which they were then renting. For the rest of his life, Tolkien felt that she had become a martyr for her faith; this had a profound effect on his own Catholic beliefs. Tolkien's devout faith was significant in the conversion of C. S. Lewis to Anglicanism.



#52150: — 12/05  at  01:42 PM
I never had much use for the 'Tales of Smarmia,' as I called it, but, as a kid, I really got into L'Engle''s 'Wrinkle in Time' - even though I still didn't get the religious symbolism.



#52152: — 12/05  at  01:44 PM
Their usually the ones people run past as fast as possible because they're a bit slow and boring

I this the first book is the best of them all. I especially like the early chapters where the whole history of the ring is being revealed. I really hated the parts of the 2nd and 3rd book about Sam and Frodo in Mordor, I found those parts so boring and slow.



#52153: HP — 12/05  at  01:48 PM
I was 11 or 12 and reading NarnChron for the third time when I realized it was Christian allegory. Of course, I immediately shared this discovery with a good friend and fellow Narnia fan who was also reading the books for the third time. He refused to believe that they were Christian books, for the simple reason that he (my friend) was Jewish. In retrospect, it must have been a fairly uncomfortable revelation (no pun intended) for him.

However, even then, I had absolutely no patience with people who refuse to accept new knowledge in the light of compelling evidence. We had a big fight, and our friendship never recovered. So the books always make me feel a bit sad.



#52155: — 12/05  at  01:52 PM
I started reading them after seeing the BBC adaptation of LWW on the telly when I was small. I therefore have a total association between Narnia and hot buttered crumpets. Narnia = crumpets.

I found out about the Christian allegory in the books when I was 20. I had a conversation with a friend (non-fundie, just beumsed that I could have missed it) which went:
Her: But Aslan came back from the dead! Didn't that make you think of Jesus?
Me: No, it made me think of Orpheus.

Ah, the wonders of a Classical education smile



#52156: — 12/05  at  01:54 PM
Where on earth did you get that from?

Yeah, especially the part about them being "really good fiends". I mean, I realize some folks here don't like their religion much, but that's going a bit far.....

Seriously, though: I'm amazed at some of the sheer biographical nonsense that's being posted about Lewis and Tolkien -- who converted whom, whether they were friends afterwards, Lewis' attitude to RCism (Hostile? You're joking -- there's even some opinion he got gradually more Catholic as he got older. See Van Auken's (admittedly biassed) Under The Mercy). Would it be too much to ask people to provide some kind of cite, however flimsy, for these sorts of claims?



#52157: — 12/05  at  01:55 PM
I am a Christian, and also an evolutionist- to lay the cards on the table.

Sorry, but your claim to be an "evolutionist" suggests to me that you are anything but.



's avatar #52167: Ken Cope — 12/05  at  02:09 PM
Jedidiah, your statement, "Tolkien became a Christian <u>through<u> Lewis," is contradicted by Lewis in a 1931 letter. "I have just passed on from believing in God to definitely believing in Christ — in Christianity.... My long night talk with Dyson and Tolkien had a good deal to do with it." But then, I frequently type it's when it should be its, and flip their/they're, because I know better.

Narnia and Lewis' apologetics was discussed for pages and pages in this pharyngula comments thread back in June. Be sure and find the great design for a "Narnian Apostate" T-shirt.

A Bay Area former Franciscan Priest hosts a quite unashamedly liberal political talk show on KGO at night, still a Catholic who has spent hours railing against creationists and IDiocy. I spoke a couple of weeks ago on his Sunday "God Talk" show about how I credit Lewis for my rejection of literalism, which he thought was wonderful. A story needn't be merely documentary to be enthralling, meaningful and worthwhile. The sickening realization (for an 8 yr. old) that I'd never visit Narnia was the giftwrap on the perception that the Bible had to be filed under fantasy/mythology also.

Watergate Criminal Cal Thomas, who owes his prison conversion to Christianity to Lewis' assinine apologetics, seems to think that a successful Narnia flick will evangelize better than Mel Gibson's Passion. At least he thinks encouraging Disney to make more such films is a better strategy than boycotting them or unleashing a Patwa on Disney for hosting Gay Days.

Thomas thinks it's the (Christian-branded) good v. evil that will sell it, but I think that it will owe its success to being a spectacular vehicle for bespoke visual effects. That people expect a fantasy flick to promote religious conversions in the lobby seems as absurd as people viewing Buckaroo Banzai as reinforcing their worldview. I have to go with PZ over Thomas; it's more likely to innoculate than evangelize.

Disney isn't going to ruin the story either. The story is quite safe in the book, no matter what anybody does to illustrate it, and FX houses from all over the globe are doing their best work. Adamson, the director of Shrek, should do a fine job.

Ezkept, I share your disappointment in what Disney could have been. I'm three months older than the park, and grew up as a park brat, eventually working both in Feature Animation and also as an Imagineer animating on their first Virtual Reality project. Eisner and Katzenberg and Wells would sign deals with Baby Bells in our lab, the most backstage of the backstage tours. Wells spent his last Christmas eve on our project, learning every arcane thing he could about what we were doing back in 1993.

One of the perks was spending afternoons with people like Ward Kimball, one of the best animators the studio ever saw. He directed the Disneyland TV shows (out on DVD) that Disney intended as the basis for the story telling in Tomorrowland. Kimball was assigned the projects because he happened to have a book on UFOs by Adamski when Disney stopped by, and was assigned "all that science stuff".

To Disney, science was just another genre that needed to be exploited in his park and his TV show, akin to westerns, adventure, fantasy. But when Werner Von Braun was hired as a consultant on the Man in Space series, he did his first calculations on what it would take to achieve delta V for a round trip to the moon, on Disney's dime.

NelC, I enjoyed American Gods, but not nearly as much as Gaiman's most recent Anansi Boys, which fits well in that universe. Pullman is too much like the flip side of Lewis. His Dark Materials is some flavor or other of the Gnostic Heresy, with God as some gibbering idiot undone by his minions. For all its invention and page turning action, Pullman's world is remarkably humorless. Gaiman can pull dark slasher/splatter scenes like the darkest horror writer, but he's whimsical in a way far too few know how to be. Gaiman's theism is far more palatable than most.

So, Terry Pratchett's Discworld is the one I can't get enough of.



#52168: BugHunter — 12/05  at  02:09 PM
Completely missed the Christian allegory the first time I read the books... up until the last battle (hard to miss that!)

Silver Chair will always be one of my favourite books, but the rest have faded from memory.... what sticks out now is Lewis's sexism, dislike of Arab culture, and how annoying Aslan got to be.



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