Pharyngula

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Sunday, July 24, 2005

The state of high school biology teaching

The Chronicle of Higher Ed has an interview with Randy Moore, a professor of biology at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (See? The University of Minnesota is a seething hotbed of enlightened, rational thinking. Send your children here!). It's mildly depressing stuff, though—20% of our biology teachers are peddling creationist junk in the classroom?

Why Many Biology Teachers Aren't Teaching Evolution
by Richard Monastersky

Eighty years ago this month, the small town of Dayton, Tenn., played host to an unforgettable fight that captivated the nation: the trial of John Scopes. The affair started as a publicity stunt dreamed up by Dayton businessmen, but quickly exploded into a full-scale cultural war that continues to echo today. In his 2001 book, Evolution in the Courtroom (ABC-CLIO), and in his continuing research, Mr. Moore has investigated the trial and the current battles over evolution in America's classrooms, where he finds that some 20 percent of biology teachers continue to teach creationism in violation of the First Amendment and state standards.

Q. Your work shows that many teachers -- nearly 40 percent -- are not teaching evolution, even if they believe it. Why?

A. It's just simpler for them to avoid it, politically. Their kids are on the same Little League teams as the kids of other parents. ... Biology teachers are pressured to not teach evolution and/or to teach creationism. Almost half of biology teachers report being pressured one way or the other, or both for many.

Yeah, stupidity is self-perpetuating, and all the pressure is from the creationists. I've been guilty of assuming that my kids' teachers are sensible adults who have been well-educated in the subject they are teaching—and sometimes that isn't true.

Q. So what can parents do to get evolution into science classes?

A. Tell the biology teacher that you're very glad they're teaching science. Tell the principal. Tell the school board.

The hard part of that is finding out what your kids are being taught. Teenagers just aren't communicative. I've had this conversation quite a few times: "What did you do in school today?" "Nothin'."

My daughter will be taking life science this year, though. I'm planning to lean on her a bit and squeeze a little bit more information out of her—and if it's good, I'll let the school hear about it. If it's bad, you know the school will hear about it.

Q. What attitudes do the students in your introductory course have?

A. They are overwhelmingly creationist, 75 to 80 percent. It's not so much that my students have an anti-evolution attitude. They just don't know what it is.

That surprises me. Here at our branch campus, I'm sure those numbers are much, much lower…but then, we're kind of the fancy-pants liberal arts campus. We also don't have an evolutionary biology course for non-majors (although I would love to change that someday), and all of our intro students are fairly certain they're going to be biologists or doctors.

Q. You've written that the public "memory" of the Scopes trial is largely wrong -- for instance, with respect to Scopes himself. He wasn't a biology teacher?

A. He was a football coach. He substituted in some science and math classes.

Q. And he didn't teach evolution?

A. Ironically, no. He substituted for 10 days. He assigned the evolution chapters but he was sick himself on the day there was supposed to be a discussion of this.

Q. Eighty years later, is this country moving backward in terms of teaching evolution?

A. No. I just don't think we've moved forward. We have position statements. Most science organizations have very strong position statements. But in fact, when science teachers in public schools teach creationism, there are seldom any consequences. It's just tolerated. Many high-school biology teachers do not teach evolution, either because they're creationists or because it's not worth the political fallout. Despite what the position statements say or what state science standards say, they don't apply.

Ah, the lovely logic of administrators. Coaches need to know a little first aid, so of course they're qualified to teach health. And if they can teach health, then they can teach life sciences—it's just first aid with frogs, right?

There are some good, smart coaches who are competent to teach a more academic class, but thinking back to my high school coaches…<shudder>. They were terrible. We need smart biology teachers who are well versed in the evidence and passionate about the subject…not ignorant jocks with uninformed biases who know how to yell out motivational speeches.

And we definitely need to stop tolerating religious clap-trap (or it's alternative, neglect) in our schools.


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Comments:
#32743: — 07/24  at  10:29 AM
Maybe it's not possible to have an evolution article which doesn't mention Scopes. Getting a little tired of it though.



#32745: — 07/24  at  10:43 AM
There are some good, smart coaches who are competent to teach a more academic class, but thinking back to my high school coaches…<shudder>. They were terrible. We need smart biology teachers who are well versed in the evidence and passionate about the subject…not ignorant jocks with uninformed biases who know how to yell out motivational speeches.


I guess the "ignorant jocks" you are referring to are the coaches from your own high school experience? It isn't entirely clear from the context - on first read, I thought you were making a blanket statement about high school coaches, then thought, no, PZ wouldn't do that.

Just saying, maybe a rewording is in order?

Good post, otherwise.



#32750: coturnix — 07/24  at  12:10 PM
Depressing....What can be done?



#32751: — 07/24  at  12:21 PM
This hit home for me. I taught High School bilogy for many years. I often got the question about "How will evolution be taught?" This is in liberal No. California. I wonder if parents challenge english teachers about how they will present sentence structure. Personally, I find gerund clauses offense to my beliefs.



#32760: — 07/24  at  01:30 PM
I simply don't get it. In Denmark evolution is taught during primary school and by the time you reach high school, it's expected that you understand the fundamental principle of evolution and natural selection. How 75 to 80 percent of an university's students can be creationists is beyond my understanding.



#32767: Kele — 07/24  at  02:30 PM
I don't remember any science from elementary school (K-6), especially not evolution. I had science classes for two years in Jr. High (7th and 8th) and I'm sure evolution wasn't mentioned once. We went over cell structure but not much more. These past two years (9th and 10th) are the only times I've been taught evolution which is... kind of bad. Science gets a bad treatment in our early years here in the US, that is if everyone had the same experience as me. My elementary/junior high schools could just be weird or something. I'm just glad I got the high school biology teacher who hated creationism/ID.



#32794: — 07/24  at  08:13 PM
I remember a day in third grade when I came home from school, having read (more like looked at the neat drawings and diagrams) a book whose title escapes me. I said to my mother something to the effect of, "Did you know that people and and apes are cousins?"

She just about came unglued! My mind has blocked what she said after that, but after muddling through the traumatic amnesia, it had something to do with going to hell and excommunication :/

I never did really get why she had a hard time with something that seemed so obvious to a nine-year-old. Well, anyway, it still is obvious to me. Interesting that it took a bunch of geniuses, including Darwin, to formulate something that I now take for granted.

Here's my point: we take the truth of evolution and other sciences for granted. We know that the theories describe very well the world we live in. But we are inclined to study that stuff in the first place, and are willing to put in the effort needed to "get" the first principles involved (Calculus, kinematics, quantum theory, pi-orbitals, etc.). The problem, to me, is that while we can deal with infinitesimals, derivatives, variation and so on, the public at large is ill-prepared.

I am not sure what to do about it, but it will probably need to involve more agressive teaching of good science from the start, like our friend in Denmark mentioned. We will need to volunteer time to lead study sessions with third graders. We will need to be more involved with our childrens' educations.

We will need to start small, in groups, and slowly spread, like a successful allele, and slowly displace the pre-1850 thoughts that are so common in our society.

Just a thought. nomen meum scio.



#32795: — 07/24  at  08:59 PM
G-Do
To be fair, like it or not, science teachers in the elementary and secondary schools are often not experts in the subject. My daughters biology teacher specialized in English Literature. Going back through their high school years, I believe the only "expert" was the chemistry teacher. All other "science" teachers majored in math, history or literature.

That does not cut it. I complained to the school, but to no avail. There was quite a bit of home schooling to compensate, but I am no expert either. My children were definitely short-changed.

BTW... my daughters biology teacher believed in evolution, he just couldn't explain it.



#32799: — 07/24  at  11:02 PM
I think Kristjan has nailed a cultural difference. If your school books and parents mention evolution early on, you will not know of creationism until later. And vice versa.

It's like right vs left traffic, or gun licenses vs free guns. It is hard to grasp the other way of doing it.

So I would push not only to teach evolution, but to start early on. It will not need to be advanced the first time.



#32816: GrrlScientist — 07/25  at  10:03 AM
I am a living example of how ridiculous your hypothesis is, Torbjorn. I grew up in one of the reddest of the red-neck regions in the USA -- complete with multitudes of bibles and guns -- and I was raised by religious wingnuts to be a rabid religious wingnut. I was never told about evolution but I somehow managed to get the books and read them anyway (I guess this is yet another reason that we should not have public libraries). Not only was I always convinced of the sheer stupidity of religous beliefs (even though a mere girl child) but I was so pleased to learn that there was something out there that DID make sense to me; science and evolution. I've never looked back, except to make sure my gun-toting neighbors didn't shoot me in the back as I left town -- for good.



#32827: — 07/25  at  02:15 PM
Most American students 'take' as little science as they can get away with -- which is very little.

I have long puzzled over this. We as a society admire science, or at least its marvelous products, and no group has a higher social status than Nobel Prize winners. Certainly not Fundie preachers.

I expect to be disputed about this, but ask yourself, have you ever heard anything as bad about a Nobelist as everybody heard about Swaggart? (And, yes, there have been opportunities, or at least one -- Gajdusek.)

My best guess -- I decline to go to the stake to defend it -- is that most people think they understand as much of science as they need to understand, because their information intake is soaked with it.

They don't realize they don't know the real story, because the one they have suffices for most (of their) purposes.

I was the same way about accounting. Eventually I had to learn something about it and was surprised to discover that what I had thought was accounting was really bookkeeping.

Leon Lederman some years ago proposed that we teach science upside down in our high schools. He suggested starting with (nonmathematical) physics, going on to chemistry and by the 12th grade, the most complicated subject, biology.

Makes a lot of sense, although it might make the problem of 'believing what you heard first' even more severe.



#32828: jay denari — 07/25  at  03:47 PM
Actually, GrrlScientist, you're the exception that proves what Torbjorn said is true. As a girl, you were obviously not the average student and found your own facts. But many kids didn't and still don't have your drive and need to be exposed to these subjects in school. Even when that happens, most kids won't go on to be active scientists, but that's ok -- the point is to create a basic level of understanding in the culture as a whole so that science can keep growing.

My family was just the opposite of yours: liberal New Englanders who valued education and science. My grandfather is a retired chemist; my brother works in the biotech field studying prions. I opted to go into journalism, but read a lot of science & scifi b/c it fascinates me, even though I have no interest in the mathematics.

I'm lucky; science has always been there and creationist nonsense never set foot in our house. What little religion we had during my childhood was Unitarian. That's why I agree with Torbjorn -- science, and more crucially, an attitude that encourages questioning about anything, needs to start young, and we typically wait too long here in the US. That's true even here in Mass., as the current state biology standards show.



#32829: coturnix — 07/25  at  03:59 PM
I am so proud of rigorous scientific education I got back in Yugoslavia in my time - something the US educational system cannot begin to match. After finishing high school I had more biology under my belt than kids who graduate in biology from ANY U.S. College. In grades 1-2, we had "Understanding Science and Society", in grades 3-4 that was split into separate subjects: "Understanding Nature" and "Understanding Society". By the time I graduated from high school I had behind me 8 years of physics, 7 years of chemistry, 6 years of geography (including basics of cosmology, geology, oceanography and meteorology), 8 years of history, 6 years of technical education, 12 years of math, and 8 years of biology (plus also stuff like 12 years of PE, 10 years of music and art, 12 years of Serbo-Croatian language and world literature, 12 years of English, 4 years of French, the inevitable 2 years of "Defense" and 2 years of "Marxism", etc.). Being a biology major in high school, I also had a year of botany, a year of zoology, a year of microbiology, a year of ecology, a year of biochemistry, a year of molecular biology, a year of general biology lab, and a year of biochemistry/molecular biology lab. Many college graduates here do not have that much science.

I guess the good old days of Eastern European superior education are gone now, but the US still has loads to do to catch up even with the current watered-down education in Eastern Europe.



#32841: — 07/25  at  06:51 PM
Grrl:

I fail to see how your single example falsify what I said. (Which is how I interpret 'ridiculous'.) We must observe several individuals from both groups and compare to falsify.

jay:
Sorry, I can't agree that Grrl's example verify what I said, either. But taken together with your description I am verified, that's true. (Sorry, I guess I have spent too much time on arguments lately. grin

Harry:
What do you think most European students do? You guessed it, they do what most students always have - study as little as possible and study as easy as possible subjects!

coturnix:
Wow, wow, wow! I guess that makes you about 120+ years now! (I run out of fingers, so I am not exactly sure.)

Talking seriously instead, if education is subjected to a market I expect no country will come to those standards again. The balance will be shortsighted but probably sustainable.



#32858: Eva Young — 07/25  at  10:06 PM
PZ, why don't you run for Morris School Board on a quality science education platform?



#32922: GrrlScientist — 07/27  at  09:21 AM
My point is that not everyone who grew up under less-than-stellar circumstances ends up being a close-mined wingnut. I am nothing special -- a fact that I am reminded of daily -- and for that simple reason alone, I am certain there are other people out there who could answer you similarly.



#32943: Translation Service — 07/27  at  10:57 AM
When i was in my school then i too thin klike that smile



#32945: Translation Service — 07/27  at  11:00 AM
When i was in my school then i too think like that smile



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